ἄγω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ἀγών

Transliteration (Word)

agōn

English translation (word)

struggle, assembly

Transliteration (Etymon)

agō

English translation (etymon)

lead, carry, hold

Author

Etym.  Genuinum

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Genuinum, alpha 52

Ed.

F. Lasserre and N. Livadaras, Etymologicum magnum genuinum. Symeonis etymologicum una cum magna grammatica. Etymologicum magnum auctum, vol. 1, Rome: Ateneo, 1976

Quotation

<Ἀγών>· οὐχ εὗρον αὐτοῦ ἐτυμολογίαν. ἐγὼ δέ φημι· παρὰ τὸ ἄγω γίνεται ἀγών, ὁ φέρων πολλὴν ὄχλησιν καὶ ἀδημονίαν

Translation (En)

”struggle” (agōn) : I didn’t find the etymology of the word ; according to me agōn (”assembly, struggle”) comes from agō ("lead, hold"), because it brings a lot of disturbance and distress

Comment

This etymology is somehow obvious (suggested by the common expression 'ἀγὼν ἄγεται': a contest takes place), and the two words frequently appear together in the literature. It is difficult to differentiate between etymological hint and wordplay in Homerus, Iliad  23.654 : ἄγων κατέδησ’ ἐν ἀγῶνι ; or in Euripides, Bacchae 975-7 : τὸν νεανίαν ἄγω/ τόνδ' εἰς ἀγῶνα μέγαν, ὁ νικήσων δ' ἐγὼ/ καὶ Βρόμιος ἔσται (see also Photius, Lexicon, alpha.321: <Ἀγῶνα>· τὴν συναγωγήν. οὕτως Ἀριστοφάνης (fr. 927 K.). The first explicit occurrence of this tempting etymology is very late in appearing in the tradition was surely suggested before, despite the assertion of the Etymologica (“I did not find any etymology for this word”). Evidence of this is probably the typical ancient grammatical phrasing of the end of a scholion to the Iliad that we can hardly date : <ἀγὼν> δὲ ὁ κυκλοτερὴς καὶ γωνίαν οὐκ ἔχων τόπος. οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πέλοπος ἡνιόχου Ἀγῶνος. οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ συνάγεσθαι. οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ ῥήματος τοῦ ἄγω <ἀγών,> ὡς ἀείδω ἀηδών (Scholia in Iliadem (scholia vetera), 4.857 ed. Erbse ; see parallels). Etym. Magnum provides us with an alternative etymology (α + γωνία) for one of the meanings of ἀγών : place of contest

Parallels

T Scholion Il. 24.1b Erbse (οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ ῥήματος τοῦ ἄγω ἀγών, ὡς ἀείδω ἀηδών); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 4.857 Van der Valk (ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ ἀγὼν ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄγω, ἢ ἀπὸ Ἀγώνου, ἡνιόχου, φασί, Πέλοπος,…); Etymologicum Symeonis 56 (id) ; Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 18 (<Ἀγών>. παρὰ τὸ ἄγω γίνεται ἀγών. ὁ φέρων πολλὴν ὄχλησιν καὶ ἀδημονίαν); Schol. in Anth. Graec. 1 Lolos (Ἀγών, παρὰ τὸ ἄγω· ὁ φέρων πολλὴν ὄχλησιν)

Modern etymology

This etymology is accepted by modern linguists (Beekes, EDG, s.v. ἄγω)

Persistence in Modern Greek

The word is still present in Modern Greek under the form αγώνας with the meanings of 1. Intensive effort, 2. effort against something specific, 3. contest (Triandafyllidis Dictionary of Modern Greek).

Entry By

Arnaud Zucker