βου-

Validation

Yes

Word-form

βοῦς

Transliteration (Word)

bous

English translation (word)

cow, ox

Transliteration (Etymon)

bou-

English translation (etymon)

strong, big

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum (excerpta e codice regio 2610), beta p. 177

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig: Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Βοῦς· διὰ τὸ βίαιον τῆς δυνάμεως

Translation (En)

Bous "cow, ox" is thus named because of the power (biaion) of its physical strength.

Comment

This elliptic etymology relates βοῦς to the augmentative prefix βου- found in βούβρωστις "ravenous hunger", βουλιμία "idem", which can be translated βίαιος, as βουλιμία can be paraphrased as βίαιος λιμός "violent hunger". The etymon βου- is not given, only a semantic equivalent is. An explicit formulation would be Βοῦς· παρὰ τὸ βου-, ὅ ἐστι βίαιος, διὰ τὸ βίαιον τῆς δυνάμεως "Βοῦς comes from the prefix βου-, which means "strong", because of the power of its physical strength". The formulation is more explicit in Eustathius (see Parallels). This theory is partly correct from our modern point of view, since the augmentative prefix βου- was abstracted from compounds with "ox" as their first element, so that indeed βου- and βοῦς are related, but the real relationship is the opposite of the one assumed by Orion, namely, the augmentative prefix is derived from the name of the ox

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, beta, p. 283 (Βοῦς· διὰ τὸ βίαιον τῆς δυνάμεως. ‖ ἢ παρὰ τὸ βῶ, τὸ τρέφω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ βόσις· δι’ αὐτῆς γὰρ τρεφόμεθα); Eustathius, Commentarium in Dionysii periegetae orbis descriptionem (ταῦροι γὰρ καὶ βόες παρὰ τοῖς παλαιοῖς τὰ μεγάλα καὶ βίαια, ὅθεν καὶ τὸ βου ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον κατά τινας εἴληπται ὡς ἐκ τοῦ βοός)

Modern etymology

Most scholars assume that *gwow- "cow, ox", known from all IE languages, is in fact derived from *gweh3- "to feed", root found in βόσκω, βόσις (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek has the form βόδι < mediev. βόιδι(ο)ν < hellenistic βοΐδιον, diminutive of βοῦς. Βου- also survives in compounds such as βουστάσιο, βουστροφηδόν (Triandafyllidis Dict. of MG)

Entry By

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