μή + ἴσος

Validation

Yes

Word-form

μῖσος

Transliteration (Word)

mīsos

English translation (word)

hatred

Transliteration (Etymon)

mē + isos

English translation (etymon)

not + equal

Author

Orion

Century

5

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, mu p. 98

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon,Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Μῖσος. παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἴσον εἶναι

Translation (En)

Mīsos "hatred" is from not being equal (mē ison)

Comment

This etymology parses the word as a compound with the negation. In Late Greek that was pronounced [mi isos] because of iotacism, so that the assumption of a contraction between the negation and the initial vowel was easy. The interesting fact is that this explanation involves not the privative prefix, but the full negation μή, which is never used in compounds. Greek etymologists did nots see the difference between an autonomous negation and a non-autonomous one. As the autonomous negation can vary in scope, and apply either to the whole clause or to a word only, they considered it equivalent to the negative prefix, which applies to a word only (see also μήνη / μὴ μένειν, μῆνις / μὴ ἕν), on the model of μηδείς. The fact that μή is the prohibitive negation, which cannot be used in any context, was not taken into account

Parallels

Etym Magnum, Kallierges p. 588 (Μῖσος: Παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἴσος εἶναι, ὡς ἀνάρσιος ὁ ἐχθρός· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ μύω μύσω, μύσος καὶ μῖσος, ὃ πάντες μύοντες ἐκφεύγομεν. Ἔστι δὲ τὸ ΜΙ μακρὸν, ἀπὸ παραδόσεως); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, mu p. 1363 (Μῖσος. ἡ πρὸς τὸ ἀηδὲς ἀλλοτρίωσις. καὶ ἡ τοῦ λυποῦντος ἀποστροφή. παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἶσος εἶναι)

Modern etymology

Unknown

Persistence in Modern Greek

Μίσος is still used in Modern Greek designating 'hatred'. Verb μισώ means 'to hate' and there are derivatives/compounds such as μισητός, μισαλλοδοξία etc. (Triandafyllidis, Dictionary of Modern Greek)

Entry By

Le Feuvre