ἄνω + ἵστημι

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ἄστυ

Transliteration (Word)

astu

English translation (word)

town

Transliteration (Etymon)

anō + histēmi

English translation (etymon)

upwards + to set up

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 169

Ed.

A.R. Dyck, Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera. Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 5.2. Berlin - New York: De Gruyter, 1995: 59-761.

Quotation

ἄστυ: παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ἵστασθαι· οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι ἐφ’ ὑψηλοῦ τόπου τὰς πόλεις ᾠκοδόμουν

Translation (En)

Astu "town" comes from "to set up upwards" (anō histasthai), for the Ancients used to build their cities in a high place

Comment

The word is parsed as a compound of ἵστημι, as in the competing etymology. The initial [a] is understood as the adverb ἄνω, related to the preverb ἀνά indicating an upward move. This is a descriptive etymology, as indeed most towns are built on hills or rocks to offer protection

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 221 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 160 (Ἄστυ: Ἡ πόλις. Φιλόχορος ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῆς Ἀτθίδος φησίν· Ἄστυ δὲ προσηγόρευσαν τὴν πόλιν διὰ τὸ πρότερον νομάδας καὶ σποράδην ζῶντας τότε συνελθεῖν καὶ στῆναι ἐκ τῆς πλάνης εἰς τὰς κοινὰς οἰκήσεις, ὅθεν οὐ μετανέστησαν. Οὕτως Ὠρίων περὶ ἐθνικῶν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ἵστασθαι· οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι ἐφ’ ὑψηλῶν τόπων τὰς πόλεις ᾠκοδόμουν); Etym. Symeonis 1, p. 266; Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 324 (Ἄστυ. παρὰ τὸ ἄνω ἵστασθαι· οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι ἐφ’ ὑψηλοῦ τόπου ᾠκοδόμουν τὰς πόλεις); Schol. vet. Apoll. Rhodii Argonautica 696, p. 59 (ἄστυ: ἐτυμολογεῖ Εὔμολπος τὴν λέξιν ἄστυ λέγων παρὰ τὸ <ἄνω> ἵστασθαι· ἐπὶ μετεώρου γὰρ κεῖνται αἱ πόλεις)

Modern etymology

Unknown. The old comparison with Vedic vastu- "dwelling place" must be abandoned (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Άστυ is still used in MG meaning 'city', while "κλεινόν 'άστυ" is Athens. It also is the first compound in words such as αστυνομία, αστυφιλία, while the derivative αστείος means "funny", as something said in the "city". (Triandafyllidis, Dict. of MG).

Entry By

Le Feuvre