ἐράω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
ἔστι παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ ἔρανον ὡς ἔχω ὄχανον καὶ κόπτω κόπανον καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς η ἤρανον· ἡ εὐθεῖα τοῦ πληθυντικοῦ ἤρανα, εἶτα συγκοπῇ ἢ ἀποκοπῇ ἦρα.
Translation (En)
There is, from erô "to love", a derivative *eranon, as from ekhō "to hold", okhanon "handle", and from koptō "to cut", kopanon "sword", and by change of /e/ to /ē/, *ēranon. The nominative plural is *ērana, and then by syncope or apocope, ēra "favour"
Parallels
Epimerismi homerici Il. 1.572 (Ὡς γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ κόπτω γέγονε κόπανον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τύπτω τύπανον καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ μ τύμπανον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τήκω τήκανον καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ κ εἰς γ τήγανον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχα ὄχανον, οὕτως καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐρῶ ἔρανον καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν ἔρον καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς η ἦρον); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 2, p. 102 (ἡ τοιαύτη γὰρ ψιλοῖ τὴν τοῦ Ἡρακλέος ἄρχουσαν, εἴπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἦρα γίνεται, ὃ δηλοῖ τὴν χάριν, ὅθεν σύνθετον τὸ ἐπίηρα, ὧν ἀρχὴ τὸ ἐρῶ ἤγουν ἐπιθυμῶ, ψιλούμενον ἀναντιρρήτως καθὰ καὶ τὸ ἦρα, οὗ τὸ ἐντελὲς ἐπιήρανα κατὰ τοὺς παλαιούς.]); ibid., vol. 3, p. 594 ([καὶ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ἦρ ἡ χάρις ἡ τοιαύτη λέξις γίνεται, ἢ μᾶλλον ἐκ τοῦ ἐρῶ, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἵνα ὥσπερ ἐκ τοῦ κόπτω καὶ ξέω καὶ τρυπῶ κόπανα καὶ ξόανα καὶ τρύπανα, οὕτω καὶ ἐρῶ ἤρανα καὶ κατὰ ἀποκοπὴν ἦρα]); ibid., vol. 1, p. 234 (οὕτως ἐρῶ, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἔρανον καὶ ἐκτάσει ἤρανον καὶ ἐπιήρανον, οὗ πληθυντικὸν ἐπιήρανα καὶ ἀποκοπῇ ἐπίηρα); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 1, p. 118 (γίνεται δὲ τὸ ἦρα κατὰ τοὺς παλαιοὺς, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐρῶ ἤρανον τὸ ἐπιθυμητόν, ὡς κόπτω κόπανον. πληθυντικὸν, ἤρανα. καὶ ἀποκοπῇ, ἦρα); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 436 (Ἤρανος: Βασιλεὺς, ἢ βοηθός. Παρὰ τὴν ἥραν, τὴν μετ’ ἐπικουρίας χάριν. Γίνεται δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔρως ἔρανα καὶ ἤρανα. Ὅμηρος, ‘Οὐ μέν μοι ποδάνιπτρα ποδῶν ἐπιήρανα θυμῷ’. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐράσμια καὶ καταθύμια. Τοῦτο δὲ τὸ ἐπιήρανα κατὰ συγκοπὴν ποιεῖ τὸ ἐπίηρα. Ἀπὸ γοῦν τοῦ ἐρῶ, ἔρανον, ὡς κόπτω, κόπανον· πέπτω, πόπανον· ἔχω, ὄχανον. Καὶ ἤρανος, ὁ ἐράσμιος); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 617 (Ἐπίηρα· τὴν μετ’ ἐπικουρίας χάριν· ἐκ τοῦ ἐρῶ ἔρανον ἤρανα ἐκτάσει, τὰ προσηνῆ καὶ κεχαρισμένα καὶ συγκοπῇ ἦρα· καὶ συνθέσει ἐπίηρα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 810 (Ἐπίηρα. ἐπιθυμητὰ, ἢ ἐπίηρα ἡ μετ’ ἐπικουρίας χάρις. ἐκ τοῦ ἐρῶ, ἔρανον, [καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν καὶ ἔκτασιν ἤρα. εἰς δὲ τὴν καθολικὴν εὗρον οὕτως· ἔστιν ἢρ, ἡ ἐπικουρία, καὶ ὀξύνεται· ἡ γενικὴ ἦρος, ἦρα, καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἐπίηρα.])
Bibliography
On the modern etymology, see J.L. García Ramón, "Hittite u̯arr- ‘ayudar’ y kar̯ia-mi/na ‘mostrar benevolencia’, hom. ἦρα φέρειν (y χάρν φέρειν) ‘dar satisfacción’, IE *u̯erH- ‘favorecer’ y *gher(H)- ‘estar a gusto, desear’. Studi linguistici in onore di Roberto Gusmani, Alessandria 2006, p. 825-846.
Comment
Derivational etymology. The favor is granted because of love, as a proof of love. Lentz attributes the fragment to Herodian. Erbse is more cautions and adds a question mark. The scholion, right afterwards, adds that a different etymology was found in Herodian's De prosodia catholica, which suggests that this etymology may have been mentioned by Herodian without being the one he subscribed to