εἴρω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
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Source
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Ed.
Quotation
Εἴρω: Σημαίνει δὲ τὸ συμπλέκω, διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· ἀνεφάνη γὰρ τὸ ε ἐν τῷ ἕρμα· ἕρμα δέ ἐστι τὸ κώλυμα· καὶ πάλιν, ὅτι ἀντιπαράκειται αὐτὸ τὸ ὅρμος· σημαίνει δὲ τὸν περιτραχήλιον κόσμον, παρὰ τὸ εἴρειν καὶ συμπλέκειν τὰς ναῦς·
Translation (En)
Eirō means "to string", with the diphthong /ei/. The /e/ appears in herma "support", and herma means "defense". And also, that it corresponds to hormos, which means "necklace", from the fact that it binds and fastens the neck
Parallels
Herodian, Περί Ορθογραφίας, Lentz III/2, 502 (τὰ δὲ ἔχοντα τὸ ο ἀντιπαρακείμενον ἔχει τὸ ι ἐγκείμενον, κτείνω κτόνος, εἴρω ὅρμος, οὕτω καὶ εἴργω ὀργή); Photius, Lexicon, epsilon 264 (εἵρω· συνάπτω· ὅθεν καὶ ὅρμος.); Etym. Gudianum, omicron, p. 435 (Ὅρμος, παρὰ τὸ εἴρω τὸ συμπλέκω ἢ φυλάσσω· ἐξ οὗ καὶ εἱρμὸς γίνεται ὅρμος, ὁ λιμὴν, καὶ γὰρ κυκλοειδής ἐστι); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 429 (<Εἵρω>· ... ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ εἱρμός καὶ ὅρμος. τὸ δὲ ὅρμος ἐκ τοῦ <εἵρω> εἷρμος ἕρμος καὶ ὅρμος κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ ε εἰς ο· σημαίνει δὲ τὸν περιτραχήλιον κόσμον) Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 631 (Ὅρμος: Σημαίνει δύο, τὸν λιμένα, καὶ τὸν περιτραχήλιον κόσμον. Παρὰ τὸ ἕρμα, τὸ ἀσφάλισμα, γίνεται ὅρμος, ὁ λιμήν· ὅθεν καὶ ὁρμίσαι, τὸ ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ εἶναι τὴν ναῦν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἴρω, τὸ συμπλέκω· ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὁρμιὰ, ἡ σειρὰ, πρὸς ἣν τὸ ἄγκιστρον ἐπησφάλισται δεδεμένον); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, omicron, p. 1462 (Ὅρμος. ὁ λιμήν. —τὴν δ’ εἰς ὅρμον προσέρυσαν—. παρὰ τὸ ἕρμα, τὸ ἀσφάλισμα, γίνεται ὅρμος. ὅθεν καὶ ὁρμίσαι, τὸ ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ εἶναι τὴν ναῦν. [ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ κοσμίου, παρὰ τὸ εἴρω, τὸ συμπλέκω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὁρμιὰ καλεῖται ἡ σειρὰ, πρὸς ἣν τὸ ἄγκιστρον ἐπησφάλισται δεδεμένον.]); Scholia in Hesiodum, Op. 74 (scholia vetera) (ὅρμους χρυσείους: ὅρμος γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ εἵρω τὸ συμπλέκω· τὸ εἴρω δὲ τὸ λέγω ψιλοῦται, δασύνεται δὲ τὸ σημαῖνον τὸ πλέκω, ἀφ’ οὗ τὸ εἱρμὸς καὶ τὸ ὅρμος· ⸤τὸ δὲ ὅρμος⸥ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἵρω εἵρμος ⸤ἕρμος⸥ καὶ ὅρμος, τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς ο· σημαίνει δὲ τὸν περιτραχήλιον κόσμον); Schol. Od. 15.460 Dindorf (ὅρμον] ἐτυμολογεῖ τὸν ὅρμον παρὰ τὸ εἴρω τὸ συνάπτω, ἕρμος, εἱρμός τις ὤν. ὅρμος δέ ἐστιν ὁ κατὰ τοῦ τραχήλου περικείμενος χρυσοῦς κόσμος); ibid. 15.460 Dindorf (χρύσεον ὅρμον] περιδέρρεον κόσμον, ἀπὸ τοῦ συνδεδέσθαι. τὸ δὲ ἔερκτο σημαίνει τὸ συνδέδετο, ἀπὸ τοῦ εἴρω, τὸ συμπλέκω); Commentaria in Dionysii Thracis Artem grammaticam, Scholia Vaticana, p. 108 (οὕτω καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἵρω (τὸ συμπλέκω καὶ συνάπτω) γίνεται ὅρος· καὶ γὰρ ὁ ὅρος συμπλέκει καὶ συνάπτει τῷ ὁριστῷ τὰ ἴδια αὐτοῦ· ἐκ τοῦ εἵρω δὲ καὶ ὅρμος, τὸ σημαῖνον τὸν περιτραχήλιον κόσμον, καὶ γὰρ ὁ περιτραχήλιος κόσμος συμπεριέχει κόσμιόν τι· καὶ ἐκ τούτου καὶ ὅρμος ὁ λιμήν, περιεκτικὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ λιμὴν πλήθους νεῶν); Scholia in Batrachomyomachiam 67 (ὅρμος δὲ ἐτυμολογεῖται ἀπὸ τοῦ εἴρω τὸ πλέκω· ἢ ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τοῦ ὅρμου καὶ τοῦ δακτυλίου· ὅρμῳ γὰρ καὶ δακτυλίῳ ἔοικεν ὁ τοιοῦτος ὅρμος· ἀρετὴ γὰρ λιμένος ἐστὶ τὸ εἶναι τοιοῦτον περιφερῆ); Scholia in Claudii Aeliani libros de natura animalium 2.34 (εἵρω δὲ τὸ συμπλέκω δασύνεται, ἀφ’ οὗ εἱρμὸς καὶ ὅρμος, ὁ περιτραχήλιος κόσμος)
Comment
Derivational etymology, meant for the meaning "necklace" of ὅρμος. Herodian assumes that ἕρμα and ὅρμος are two independent derivatives of εἴρω "to string", which is correct, on the basis of the vocalic alternation e ~ o (ἀντιπαράκειται). He assumes that the meaning "necklace is the original one for ὅρμος and does not discuss the meaning "haven". Following Herodian, Greek etymologists assume that "necklace" is the original meaning, and "haven" is a derived meaning relying on an analogy of shape (the haven is often circular, like the necklace, and is around the ships as the necklace is around the neck). This is not explicit in Herodian