ἀ- + μένος

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ἄνεμος

Transliteration (Word)

anemos

English translation (word)

wind

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + menos

English translation (etymon)

negation + strength, spirit, passion

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 140

Ed.

E.L. de Stefani, Etymologicum Gudianum, fasc. 1 & 2, Leipzig: Teubner, 1:1909; 2:1920

Quotation

Ἄνεμος· παρὰ τὸ ἄω, τὸ πνέω· ἢ μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ α ἄμενος, ὁ μὴ ἔχων δύναμιν, ἢ μετὰ τοῦ ἐπι⟦τατικοῦ α⟧, ὁ πάνυ ἔχων δύναμιν, ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐναντίου· ἢ ἀνάμενος, ὅτι ⟦μέν⟧ων πνεῖ

Translation (En)

Anemos "wind" : from "to blow" ; or with the privative alpha, *amenos, that which has no strength, or with the intensive alpha, that which has a lot of strength, on the contrary ; or *anamenos because it blows steadily

Comment

This etymology illustrates quite well the tendency to analyze words with initial [a] as compounds with the prefix ἀ- and the double interpretation of the latter, either privative intensive: it was not a problem to have two opposite meanings for the same word, since wind can blow strongly (with strength, "intensive" meaning) or gently (without strength, privative meaning). See s.v. ἄκμων. The association with μένος comes from Homer, Od. 5.478 τοὺς μὲν ἄρ’ οὔτ’ ἀνέμων διάη μένος ὑγρὸν ἀέντων "even the wet strength of winds blowing does not go through them" (the end of the line ἀνέμων μένος ὑγρὸν ἀέντων is repeated in Hesiod, Th. 869, Op. 625), that is, the etymology is rooted in a specific context. It then implies a formal manipulation, metathesis of consonants. This explanation is somehow surprising, however, since the privative compound of μένος is well known in Greek, it is ἀμενής, which does not follow the thematic inflection of ἄνεμος, but Greek etymologists did not bother with such morphological considerations.

Modern etymology

Ἄνεμος matches Latin animus and is the reflex of PIE *h2enh1-mo- "breath" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Άνεμος still exists in Modern Greek as 'wind'. Also in phrases as "κόντρα στον άνεμο" (= "against the mainstream"), " όπου φυσάει ο άνεμος" (= "to be unstable") etc. (Triandafyllidis, Dict. of MG)

Entry By

Le Feuvre