κακύνω + πηλός
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
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Ed.
Quotation
Καπηλίς: παρὰ τὸ κακύνειν τὸν πηλόν. πηλὸς δὲ ὁ οἶνος.
Translation (En)
Kapēlis "female tavern-keeper", from the fact that she damages (kakunein) the must (pēlos). And pēlos is the wine.
Parallels
Suda, pi 178 (Πανδοκεύτρια: ἡ καπηλίς· παρὰ τὸ δέχεσθαι πάντας. εἴρηται δὲ καπηλὶς παρὰ τὸ κακύνειν τὸν πηλόν· πηλὸς δὲ ὁ οἶνος); Scholia in Aristophanem, Plut. 426 (scholia vetera et recentiora) (πανδοκεύτριαν: Ἀντὶ τοῦ κάπηλιν, παρὰ τὸ δέχεσθαι πάντας. εἴρηται κάπηλις παρὰ τὸ κακύνειν τὸν πηλόν· πηλὸς δὲ ὁ οἶνος); ibid., 435 (Κάπηλις προπαροξυτόνως ἡ τὸν οἶνον πιπράσκουσα γυνὴ, ἀπὸ τοῦ κακύνειν, ὅ ἐστι δολοῦν, τὸν πηλὸν, ἤτοι τὸν οἶνον); J. Tzetzes, Scholia et glossemata in Chiliades 4.657 (Κάπηλος ἀπὸ τοῦ κακύνειν τὸν πηλόν, τουτέστι τὸν οἶνον); ibid., 6.859b (Σημείωσαι ὅτι πηλὸς καὶ ὁ οἶνος. Κάπηλος δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ κακύνειν τὸν πηλόν); Schol. Od. 1.142f Pontani (κύπελλα] ὅθεν καὶ κάπηλος, παρὰ τὸ κακύνειν τὸν πηλὸν ἤτοι τὸν οἶνον); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1147(Κάπηλος. ὁ μεταβολεὺς καὶ οἰνοπώλης. παρὰ τὸ χέειν τὸν πηλὸν, ἤγουν τὸν οἶνον. [ἢ παρὰ τὸ κακύνειν τὸν πηλόν.])
Comment
Compositional etymology, attested first for the derivative καπηλίς and only afterwards for κάπηλος. This relies on the assumption that tavern-keepers are fraudulously altering their wine by adding water.