ἐτός

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Last modification

Sat, 12/28/2024 - 19:30

Word-form

ἔτυμος

Transliteration (Word)

etumos

English translation (word)

true

Transliteration (Etymon)

etos

English translation (etymon)

true

Author

Eustathius of Thessalonica

Century

12 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Comm. Od., vol. 1, p. 45

Ed.

G. Stallbaum, Eustathii archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam, 2 vols. in 1, Leipzig: Weigel, 1:1825; 2:1826 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1970)

Quotation

καὶ ὡς ἔλος ἔλυμος εἶδος σπέρματος ἕλεσι χαίροντος, οὕτως ἐτὸς ἔτυμος ὁ ὢν εἴτουν ἀληθής.

Translation (En)

And as from helos "marsh" elumos, which is a kind of seed that enjoys marshes, so etos, etumos, the true one

Comment

Derivational etymology. It was preferred to the one assuming the etymon is ἐτεός because of the analogical parallels. Since ἐτός is also assumed to be the etymon of ἐτεός, the difference is slight. The lemma and the etymon are synonymous

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 388 (Ἐκ τοῦ ἔτος ἔτυμος, ὁ ὑπάρχων καὶ ἀληθὴς, ἐκ τούτου καὶ τοῦ λόγος γίνεται ἐτυμολογία, οἱονεὶ ἀληθινολογία τὶς οὖσα); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 885 (Ἔτυμος· ὁ ἀληθής· καὶ τὸ οὐδέτερον ἐν ἐπιρρήματος συντάξει ἔφη Ὅμηρος οἷον· ἀλλ’ ἔτυμόν τοι ἦλθ’ Ὀδυσσεύς· παρὰ τὸ ἔτος γίνεται ἔτυμος, ὡς ἔλος ἔλυμος, τὸ σπέρμα τὸ ἐν ἕλεσι χαῖρον); ibid., epsilon 886 (Ἐτυμολογία· ἐστὶ λέξεων ἀνάπτυξις, †συμφώνων† τῶν σημαινομένων ἁρμόζουσα τῇ φωνῇ πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ὑποκειμένου πράγματος πιθανότητα· γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ εἰμί, τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ ὑπάρχω, ἐτὸς ὁ ὑπάρχων, καὶ ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔλος ἔλυμος, οὕτως καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐτός ἔτυμος· οἱονεὶ ὁ ὑπάρχων καὶ ἀληθής· τὸ γὰρ ἀληθὲς καὶ ὑπάρχει· ἐκ τοῦ οὖν ἔτυμος καὶ τοῦ λόγος γίνεται ἐτυμολόγος οἱονεὶ ἀληθινολογία τίς οὖσα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 890 (Ἔτυμος. ὁ ἀληθής. παρὰ τὸ ἐτὸς, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν ἀληθῆ, γίνεται ἔτυμος. [ὡς ἔλος, ἐλυμὸς, τὸ σπέρμα τὸ ἐν ἔλεσι χαῖρον.] †καὶ πλεονασμῷ ἐτεήτυμος καὶ ἐτήτυμος.†); ibid., p. 891 (καὶ ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔλος ἔλυμος, καὶ ἐτὸς ἔτυμος); Schol. in Oppianum, Hal. 1.104 (Ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ τίθημι θετὸς, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ δίδωμι δοτὸς, οὕτω καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰμὶ ἐτὸς, ὁ ὢν ἀληθῶς· πάλιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἕλος ἕλυμος, οὕτως καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐτὸς ἔτυμος καὶ κατ’ ἀναδιπλασιασμὸν ἐτήτυμος, ὥσπερ ἄτηρος, ἀτάρτηρος, ἔλυμος δὲ βοτάνη ἡ ἐν ἕλει φυομένη)

Modern etymology

Ἐτεός and ἐτός are related and belong with ἔτυμος and ἐτάζω. Ἐτεός probably goes back to *set-u-, matching Arm. stoyg "real" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG has έτυμο as a learned technical word meaning "etymon"

Entry By

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