εἷς

Validation

No

Last modification

Tue, 08/27/2024 - 11:55

Word-form

ἡνία

Transliteration (Word)

hēnia

English translation (word)

reins

Transliteration (Etymon)

heis

English translation (etymon)

one

Author

Theognostus

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Canones sive De orthographia 545

Ed.

J. A. Cramer, Anecdota Graeca e codd. manuscriptis bibliothecarum Oxoniensium, vol. 3, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1836 (repr. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1963)

Quotation

ὃ δηλοῖ τὸν ἀριθμὸν, οὗ ἡ γενικὴ ἑνὸς, ἀφ’ οὗ ἑνία καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ο εἰς η ἡνία, καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἡνίοχος· καὶ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ ἡ δασεῖα πεφύλακται

Translation (En)

This is shown by the number "one", the genitive of which is henos, from which is derived *henia and by change of /e/ to /ē/, hēnia, and in composition hēniokhos. And the rough breathing of the number is kept

Comment

Derivational etymology, semantically the same as that deriving it from ἔνωσις or ἐνόω (see ἡνία / ἔνωσις). The difference is that the etymon is the cardinal "one" rather than the verb "to unite" derived from "one".  The etymology starts from an inflected form, the genitive, which provides the /n/. It accounts for the initial aspiration of the lemma

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 432 (Ἡνία: Λῶρα, χαλινούς· παρὰ τὴν ἕνωσιν· ἑνοῦται γὰρ δι’ αὐτῶν τὰ ὑποζύγια. Ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἐνίεσθαι ἢ ἀνίεσθαι· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνύω, δι’ ἧς ἀνύομεν τοὺς ἵππους πρὸς τὴν εὐθεῖαν ὁδόν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνὸς, ἑνία καὶ ἡνία. Ἢ παρὰ τὸν ἥσω μέλλοντα);´Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, eta, p. 996 (Ἡνία. τὰ λῶρα. παρὰ τὴν ἕνωσιν τῶν ὑποζυγίων, ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνίεσθαι, ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀνύω ἀνύα, δι’ ὧν ἀνύομεν τοὺς ἵππους πρὸς τὴν εὐθεῖαν ὁδόν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνὸς, ἑνία καὶ ἡνία, διὸ καὶ δασύνεται

Modern etymology

Cognate with the Celtic word for "reins". PIE *h2ens-io- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has ηνίο as a learned word

Entry By

Le Feuvre