ἄρδω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Ἐέρσαι. αἱ δρόσοι. παρὰ τὸ ἔρσαι, ὃ ἐστὶ ποτίσαι. ποτίζει γὰρ τὰ φυτὰ ἡ δρόσος
Translation (En)
Eersai "dew drops". From <a>rsai, which means "to water", for the dew waters the plants
Parallels
T Schol. Il. 14.351 (ἔερσαι: παρὰ τὸ ἄρσαι· ποτίζει γὰρ τὰ φυτὰ ἡ ἕρση. ); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 403 (Ἐέρση· ... παρὰ τὸ ἄρσαι, ὅ ἐστι ποτίσαι· ποτίζει γὰρ τὰ φυτά); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 517 (Ἕρδω· σημαίνει βʹ· τὸ ποτίζω, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ἕρσω, ἐξ οὗ ἕρσαι αἱ δρόσοι, αἱ ἐν τῷ ἕρσει τῆς γῆς ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐν τῇ δρόσῳ καὶ πιότητι· καὶ ἔρδω, τὸ πράττω, ὅπερ γέγονε παρὰ τὸ ῥέζω); ibid., p. 529 ( Ἕρσαι· δρόσοι· παρὰ τὸ ἄρσαι, ὅ ἐστι ποτίσαι); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 3, p. 150 (Ἰστέον δὲ ὡς, εἰ κατὰ κοινὴν ἐτυμολογίαν ἔρση, ἡ δρόσος, γίνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρδω, ἄρσω, ὡς τὰ περὶ γῆν ποτίζουσα, ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐν τῇ ἔρᾳ σεύεσθαι, ψιλοῖτο ἂν καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ ἡ ἀπ’ αὐτῆς κατὰ πλεονασμὸν γινομένη ἐέρση. πρὸς ὅπερ ἀντιφωνεῖ τὸ «λωτόν θ’ ἑρσήεντα», καὶ τὸ «χωρὶς δ’ αὖθ’ ἕρσαι», ὡς ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ κεῖται. ἀπὸ τούτων γὰρ δασύνεσθαι ἡ ἕρση δείκνυται. διὸ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥέζω, τὸ πράττω, γίνεται κατὰ μετάθεσιν ἕρζω, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἕρση καὶ ἑέρση, ἡ ἀνυστικὴ καὶ δραστική, ἵνα οὕτω δασύνοιντο διὰ τὴν θεματικὴν δασεῖαν); ibid., vol. 3, p. 660 (Ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι παραδόξως ἡ ἕρση δασύνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρδω ἄρσω γινομένη κατὰ τοὺς παλαιούς); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 1, p. 337 (ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὡς προείρηται κατ’ Ὅμηρον σημείωσαι ὡς εἰ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρδω ἄρσω ἡ ἕρση γίνεται, ἀλλὰ δασύνεται παρὰ Ἀττικοῖς); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 377 (Ἔρση: Ἡ δρόσος, νοτία, ὁμίχλη· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε, ἐέρση. Παρὰ τὸ ἄρδω ἄρσω, ἄρση, καὶ ἔρση· ποτίζεται γὰρ ὑπ’ αὐτῆς πάντα τὰ φυτὰ, καὶ κατάρδεται. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔραζε σεύεσθαι· ἢ παρὰ τὸ τὴν ἔραν δεύειν); ibid., p. 317 (Ἐέρσαι: Δρόσοι, ψεκάδες· παρὰ τὸ ἄρσαι, ὅ ἐστι ποτίσαι· ποτίζει γὰρ τὰ φυτὰ ἡ δρόσος); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 808 (Ἔρσαι· αἱ ἐν ἔαρι γεννηθεῖσαι· ἢ αἱ ἁπαλαί, καὶ νέαι μεταφορικῶς. Ἔρση· γὰρ ἡ δρόσος· Αἰσχύλος δὲ τοὺς σκύμνους τῶν λεόντων δρόσους κέκληκε, μεταφράζων, τοῦτο ἔστι καὶ ῥῆμα καὶ σημαίνει τὸ πνίγω· ὅν ῥά τ’ ἔναυλος ἀποέρσει χειμῶνι περῶντα· καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ εἴρω, ὁ μέλλων ἔρσω αἰολικῶς, ἔρσαι ὁ ἀόριστος, καὶ ἔρσαι ἀπὸ τοῦ εἴρειν καὶ ἐπέχειν τὴν ἀναπνοήν· ἡ δὲ δρόσος παρὰ τὸ ἄρδω ἄρσω ἄρση καὶ ἔρση· ποτίζεται γὰρ ὑπ’ αὐτῆς πάντα τὰ φυτὰ καὶ κατάρδεται· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἔρση γίνεται ὄνομα ἐρσήεις, ὡς τιμή τιμήεις); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 866 (θηλείας ἔρσης ἰκμάδα γευόμενος. οἱ γὰρ τέττιγες δρόσον σιτίζονται. παρὰ τὸ ἄρδω ἄρση καὶ ἔρση. ποτίζεται γὰρ ὑπ’ αὐτῆς πάντα τὰ φυτὰ καὶ κατάρδεται)
Comment
Derivational functional etymology. Orion provides the lemma under the Homeric form ἐέρση. The dew is etymologized by its function, which is to water the plants. The starting point is the future of ἄρδω, ἄρσω (derivation from the future is customary in Greek grammarians' etymologies, especially Philoxenus). Orion has ἔρδω instead of ἄρδω, whereas the Etym. Gudianum and Magnum have the correct etymon ἄρδω. This either implies a ghost verb *ἔρδω (see Et. Gudianum), which was probably invented as an intermediate step between ἄρδω and ἕρση. However, it may also result from a contamination between two etymologies. As a matter of fact, Eustathius argues against the etymology by ἄρδω, which, he says, cannot account for the rough breathing of ἕρση. Therefore he derives the latter from the verb ῥέζω "to do, to act". Now ῥέζω has a variant ἔρδω (with smooth breathing), and this ἔρδω was then related to ἄρδω as the etymon of ἕρση. This is explicit in the Additamenta to the Gudianum (ἔρδω has two meanings, "to water", and in this meaning it is the etymon of ἕρση, and "to act", from which comes ῥέζω). Orion probably originally had the etymology by ἄρδω (repeated in the Gudianum and Magnum), but the abbreviator, who may have known the etymology by "to act", may have altered the form to ἔρδω