παρά + δεῖσα

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Tue, 08/20/2024 - 12:00

Word-form

παράδεισος

Transliteration (Word)

paradeisos

English translation (word)

closed garden

Transliteration (Etymon)

para + deisa

English translation (etymon)

beside + slime, filth

Author

Herodian

Century

2 AD

Reference

Peri orthographias, Lentz III/2, p. 491

Edition

A. Lentz, Grammatici graeci, vol. 3/2, Leipzig, 1870

Source

Choeroboscus

Ref.

De orthographia (epitome)

Ed.

J. A. Cramer, Anecdota Graeca e codd. manuscriptis bibliothecarum Oxoniensium, vol. 2, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1835 (repr. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1963)

Quotation

(Choeroboscus' text) Δεῖσα: Ὃ σημαίνει τὴν ὑγρασίαν· διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου γράφεται· ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ δεύσω μέλλοντος γέγονεν δεῦσα, καὶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ υ εἰς ι δεῖσα· καὶ τὸ παράδεισος διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· παρὰ τὴν δεῖσαν γάρ ἐστιν.

Translation (En)

Deisa "slime, filth", which means "moisture". Spelled with the diphthong /ei/. For from the future deusō "I will soak" comes *deusa, and by change of /u/ to /I/, deisa. And the word paradeisos "closed garden, paradise" is spelled with /ei/ because it comes from deisa

Comment

Compositional etymology. The word is parsed as a preposition-governing compound relying on the phrase παρά δεῖσαν "along the moisture". It is a typical example of a loanword (from Iranian) well integrated in the target language (Greek) and receiving a Greek etymology

Parallels

Herodian, Peri orthographias, Lentz III/2, p. 449 ( τὸ δὲ παράδεισος ἀπὸ τοῦ δεῖσα ἔχει τὴν ει δίφθογγον); Choeroboscue, De orthographia (epitome), p. 251 (Παράδεισος: ει, παρὰ γὰρ τὸν δεύσω μέλλοντα, τὸν σημαίνοντα τὸ βρέξω, γέγονεν παράδευσος, καὶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ υ εἰς ι παράδεισος· ἢ παρὰ τὴν δεῖσα, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν ὑγρασίαν, γέγονεν παράδεισος· τὸ δὲ δεῖσα διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου γράφεται); Etym. Gudianum, delta, p. 341 (Γεωργίου Δεῖσα· ἀπὸ τοῦ δεύσω μέλλοντος γέγονε δεῦσα καὶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ υ εἰς τὸ ι δεῖσα. καὶ τὸ παράδεισος παρὰ τὴν δεῖσάν ἐστι καὶ τὴν παρά πρόθεσιν); ibid., pi, p. 452 (Παράδεισσος, διὰ δύο σσ, ἐκ τῆς παρὰ προθέσεως, καὶ τοῦ δεῖσσα ἡ ὑγρασία); ibid., p. 452 (Παράδεισος, πρώτη δρόσος, ἡ διάδροσις· ἢ παρὰ τὴν ὑγρασίαν, δείσσα γὰρ ἡ ὑγρασία· παράδεισος γὰρ κυρίως λέγεται τόπος ἔνυδρος καὶ ἔνδενδρος, ἐν ᾧ περιπατεῖ ἡ βασιλέως κατάλυσις); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 651 (Παράδεισος: Παρὰ τὸν δεύσω μέλλοντα, ὃς δηλοῖ τὸ βρέχω, ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα δεῦσος, καὶ παράδεισος, κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ υ εἰς ι. Οἱ δὲ φασὶ παρὰ τὸ δεῖσαν ποιεῖσθαι, ὅ ἐστι τὴν τῶν βοτανῶν συλλογήν); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, pi, p. 1503 (παράδεισος δὲ εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ δεύσω, τὸ βρέχω, ῥῆμα ὄνομα δεῦσος, καὶ παράδεισος τροπῇ τοῦ υ εἰς ι. οἱ δέ φασιν παρὰ τὸ δεῖσαν ποιεῖσθαι, ὅ ἐστι τῶν βοτανῶν συλλογήν)

Modern etymology

Loanword from Iranian (OP *pari-daiza-, Av. pairi-daēza "enclosure"), first attested in Xenophon (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has παράδεισος "Paradise"

Entry By

Le Feuvre