ἔνεροι
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Καὶ τὸ ἔνερθεν δὲ δύο πάθη ἀνεδέξατο, συγκοπὴν καὶ ἀφαίρεσιν. ἦν γάρ τι ὄνομα τὸ ἔνερον, ἀφ’ οὗ τὸ ἐντελὲς ἐπίρρημα ἐνερόθεν, ἀφ’ οὗ κατὰ συγκοπὴν ἔνερθεν
Translation (En)
And the word enerthen "below" underwent two formal changes (pathē), a syncope and an aphaeresis. For there was a word eneron "subterranean", from which the complete adverb is *enerothen "from the subterranean", from which comes by syncope enerthen.
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum, nu, p. 107 (Νέρθεν. ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ε, παρὰ τὴν ἔραν, ἔνερος, ἐνέρεθεν, ἔνερθεν, συγκοπῇ νέρθεν); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, epsilon 44 (ἔνερθεν: ὑποκάτωθεν. τὸ ὑπένερθεν (Β 150) δύο μέρη λόγου· ὑπό πρόθεσις, ἔνερθεν ἐπίρρημα τοπικόν. ἐκ τοῦ ἔνερος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν νεκρόν· Ὅμηρος ‘ἄναξ ἐνέρων’ (Υ 61). ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐνερόθεν καὶ συγκοπῇ ἔνερθεν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔρα, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν γῆν· ἔρα ἔρεθεν καὶ ἔνερθεν κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ ρ εἰς ν); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 472 (idem); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, nu 31 (νέρθεν: ὑποκάτωθεν· παρὰ τὸ ἔνερθεν νέρθεν κατὰ ἀφαίρεσιν [τοῦ ε]· τοῦτο παρὰ τὴν ἔραν, τὴν γῆν, γέγονεν ἔρος ἔνερος ἐνέρ[οθεν] ἔνερθεν); ibid., nu 39 (νέρθεν (λ 302): ἔρα ἐστὶν ἡ γῆ, ἐνέρων ‘ἄναξ ἐνέρων Αἰδωνεύς’ (Υ 61), ἐνέροθεν καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ ἔνερθεν, ὡς ἑκατέρωθεν ἑκάτερθεν, καὶ ‘ὑπένερθε καμόντας | ἀνθρώπους τίν{ν}υσθον’ (Γ 278-79)· εἶτα γίνεται ‘{ἐ}νέρθεν γῆς’ (λ 302)· ἀφαίρεσις ἄρα γέγονε, τὸ γὰρ ἔνερθεν πρῶτόν ἐστιν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 340 (Ἔνερθεν: Ὑπένερθεν· δύο μέρη λόγου· ὑπὸ, πρόθεσις· ἔνερθεν, ἐπίρρημα τοπικόν. Γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ ἔνερος ἐνέρου, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν νεκρόν. Ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐνέροθεν· καὶ συγκοπῇ, ἔνερθεν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔρα ἔρερθεν καὶ ἔνερθεν· (σημαίνει δὲ τὸ ὑποκάτωθεν·) καὶ κατὰ ἀφαίρεσιν τοῦ ε, νέρθεν); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 4, p. 367 ( Ἐνέρων δὲ ἄναξ ὁ Ἅιδης, καθὰ ζώντων ὁ ἄνω Ζεύς. ἐκ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων ἐνέρων καὶ τὸ ἔνερθεν καὶ τὸ ἐνέρτερον, ὃ κατὰ ἀφαίρεσιν λέγεται νέρτερον); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 421 ( Ἔνερθεν· ὑπένερθεν· δύο μέρη λόγου εἰσίν· ὑπό πρόθεσις· ἔνερθεν, ἐπίρρημα τοπικόν. Γίνεται δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἔνερος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν νεκρόν. Ἐνέροθεν καὶ συγκοπῇ ἔνερθεν); Scholia in Oppianum, Hal. 1.215 (νέρθε· ὑποκάτωθεν, ὑποκάτω παρὰ τὸ ἔνερθε κατ’ ἀφαίρεσιν τοῦ ε, τοῦτο δὲ παρὰ τὸ τὴν ἔραν ἢ τὴν γῆν ἔρος ἔνερος ἐνέροθεν, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ ἔνερθεν).
The etymology may be implicit in Aeschylus, Pers. 629–630: Γῆ τε καὶ Ἑρμῆ, βασιλεῦ τ’ ἐνέρων, | πέμψατ’ ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς
Comment
Derivational etymology, implying that the original form is ἔνερθεν rather than ἔνερθε, for it is derived from the etymon by means of -θεν "from X". The form ἔνερθε is not commented upon. The syncope mentioned by Apollonius is the loss of /o/ before the morpheme -θεν. The aphaeresis refers to the variant νέρθεν, not explicitly mentioned. The adverb is derived from a ghost form *ἔνερον presumably meaning "in the earth", which is the etymology provided for ἔνεροι "the dead" (see ἔνεροι / ἐν + ἔρα). Therefore, *ἔνερον "in the earth" → *ένέροθεν "from below the earth" → ἔνερθεν "from below"