αἴρω

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No

Last modification

Fri, 08/02/2024 - 14:00

Word-form

ἔναρα

Transliteration (Word)

enara

English translation (word)

spoils

Transliteration (Etymon)

airō

English translation (etymon)

to lift

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici Îl. 1.191, 2

Ed.

A. Dyck, Epimerismi homerici, pars prior epimerismos continens qui ad Iliadis librum A pertinent, Berlin 1983

Quotation

ἐναρίζει: σημαίνει τρία ἡ λέξις· (1) τὸ σκυλεύω καὶ (2) τὸ φονεύω καὶ (3) τὸ ἀπολαμβάνω. | ἔναρα δὲ ἐκ τοῦ αἴρω, τὸ λαμβάνω, τὰ βασταζόμενα. | ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ, τὸ ἁρμόζω, οἱονεὶ ἃ ἥρμοσται τοῖς σώμασιν, ὡς ἐπὶ θώρακος καὶ περικεφαλαίας

Translation (En)

Enarizei "slays". The word has three meanings. 1. To take the spoils, 2. to kill, 3. to seize from. And enara "spoils" comes from airō "to lift", the things we lift high. Or from arō "to adapt", in so far as they ar fitted to the body, as when it applies to a corslet or a helmet

Comment

Derivational etymology, referring to the custom of the tropaion ("trophy") erected on the battlefield, which consists of the spoils of the enemy hanging from a pole, and thereby "lifted". The wording in the Epimerisms (repeated in the Gudianum) is confusing, for αἴρω is first translated by "to take", which is the meaning of αἱρέω/αἱρῶ. The gloss τὰ βασταζόμενα makes it clear that the intended etymon is αἴρω "to lift" rather than αἱρέω "to seize". The translation "λαμβάνω" must result from an untimely intervention of a copyist who did not understand correctly. Note that Eustathius gives as the etymon of ἔναρα the verb αἴρω (Comm. Il., vol. 2, p. 695), and elsewhere ἐναίρω (Comm. Il., vol. 1, p. 127, see ἔναρα / ἐναίρω), maybe because he assumes that ἐναίρω is a compound of αἴρω, although he does not say so explicitly

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 467 (Ἐναρίζοι […] ἔναρα δὲ ἐκ τοῦ αἴρω, τὸ> λαμβάνω, τὰ βασταζόμενα· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄρω, τὸ ἁρμόζω, οἱονεὶ ἃ ἥρμοσται τῷ σώματι, ὡς ἐπὶ θώρακος καὶ περικεφαλαίας); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 337 (Ἔναρα: Σκύλα, λάφυρα, κυρίως δὲ τὰ πολεμικὰ ὅπλα, ὡς ἐπὶ θώρακος καὶ περικεφαλαίας καὶ κνημίδος· ἐκ τοῦ αἴρω, τὸ λαμβάνω τὰ βασταζόμενα, ὡς τὸ, ‘φέροι δ’ ἔναρα βροτόεντα’. Τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πολέμου λαμβανόμενα. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ, τὸ ἁρμόζω, ἃ ἥρμοσται τοῖς σώμασιν); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 2, p. 695 (Τὸ δὲ «ἄρετο ἐξ ἐνάρων» ἐτυμολογικὸς τρόπος ἐστίν. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ αἴρω τὰ ἔναρα γίνεται)

Modern etymology

Unknown (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre