καίω + δῆλος

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No

Last modification

Fri, 04/12/2024 - 14:30

Word-form

κανδήλα

Transliteration (Word)

kandēlē

English translation (word)

candle

Transliteration (Etymon)

kaiō + dēlos

English translation (etymon)

to burn + clear, visible

Author

Suda

Century

10 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Suda, kappa 302

Ed.

A. Adler, Suidae lexicon, 4 vols. [Lexicographi Graeci 1.1-1.4. Leipzig: Teubner, 1.1:1928; 1.2:1931; 1.3:1933; 1.4:1935]

Quotation

Κανδήλα: παρὰ τὸ καίειν δῆλα

Translation (En)

Kandēla "candle": from "to burn" (kaieinclearly (dēla)

Comment

Compositional etymology. In the wording of the Suda, δῆλα is an adverb, the candle "burns clearly". In the wording of the Gudianum, δῆλα (to be deduced from δηλοῖ) is probably the object. This is a nice example of etymologizing loanwords – the Greeks were probably not conscious that κανδήλη or κανδῆλα (the word is given with two different nominatives) was a loanword and they analyzed it as a Greek word. Anyway, even if they had been conscious that the word was borrowed from Latin candēla, there would be no contradiction in the principle since the theory that Latin was a derived variant of Aeolic (hence, Greek) was taken seriously by Latin grammarians.

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, kappa p. 297 (Κανδῆλα, ὅτι καιομένη δηλοῖ πάντα)

Bibliography

On the loanword and its first occurrences in Greek, see E. Dickey, Latin Loanwords in Ancient Greek. A Lexicon and Analysis, Cambridge UP, 2023, p. 174.

Modern etymology

Loanword from Latin candēla, itself derived from candeo "to shine"

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek has καντήλα (fem.) < hellenistic κανδήλα designating a big oil lamp hanging from a chain but also a special wound on the skin. There also is καντήλι (n.) "candelabra", designating the small oil lamp infront of hagiographies.

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