θέρω

Validation

No

Last modification

Tue, 03/26/2024 - 17:45

Word-form

τέρεν

Transliteration (Word)

terēn

English translation (word)

tender, soft

Transliteration (Etymon)

therō

English translation (etymon)

to heat

Author

Herodian

Century

2 AD

Reference

Epimerisms

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, tau, p. 154

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβει. παρὰ τὸ θέρω θέρεν καὶ τέρεν, τὸ ὡς τεθρασμένον καὶ διακεχυμένον. | Τέρεν. τὸ ἁπαλόν. παρὰ τὸ διακεκῦσθαι, ἢ μὴ τραχὺ εἶναι. οἷον τὸ ὑπὸ θερμότητος δυνάμενον διαχυθῆναι· ὅπερ ἐστὶ ἁπαλόν. οὕτως Ἡρωδιανὸς ἐν Ἐπιμερισμοῖς

Translation (En)

Teren kata dakruon eibei’ (’he drops soft tears’, Il. 19.323). From therō "to heat", *theren and teren, the one as broken and poured. | Teren "soft", from the fact it is poured, or that it is not coarse, as what can be dissolved by heat, that is, tender. This is what Herodian says in the Epimerisms

Comment

Derivational etymology implying one formal change, from /th/ to /t/. Heat is assumed to soften many materials, therefore what is "soft" is what has been heated – with the etymon being the cause of the lemma. The wording in Orion is abbreviated, the full wording is preserved in the Epimerisms (see Parallels)

Parallels

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, tau 71 (τέρεν (Π 11): νῦν αἰτιατικῆς πτώσεως· ‘τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυ<ον> εἴβεις’ (Π 11). γίνεται παρὰ τὸ θέρω θέρεν καὶ τέρεν, τὸ ὥσπερ τεθερμασμένον καὶ διακεχυμένον καὶ ἁπαλόν· ‘αἶψα δ’ ἰαίνετο κηρός, ἐπεὶ κέλετο μεγάλη ἲς | <Ἠελίου τ’ αὐγή>’ (μ 175-76)· ὁ ὑπὸ θερμότητος δυνάμενος διαχυθῆναι, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἁπαλός. οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ τείρω τέρεν, τὸ ἁπαλόν, τὸ δυνάμενον καταπονηθῆναι· τὸ γοῦν μὴ τειρόμενον μηδὲ ἁπαλόν, ἀλλ’ ἰσχυρόν, ἀτειρές εἴρηται); Etym. Gudianum, tau, p. 526 (Τέρενα, τὰ ἁπαλὰ, κατὰ κοινωνίαν τοῦ τ πρὸς τὸ θ, θέρενα, τὰ γὰρ ἁπαλὰ εὐθέρμαντα· τὰ δὲ σκληρὰ ἀτέραμνα); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 752 (Τὸ δὲ τέρην, γίνεται παρὰ τὸ τείρω, τὸ καταπονῶ· σημαίνει δὲ τὸν τρυφερὸν καὶ ἁπαλὸν, ἢ τὸν θερμὸν, ὡς τὸ, ‘τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα’· παρὰ τὸ θέρω θέρεν καὶ τέρεν, τὸ ὥσπερ τεθερμασμένον καὶ διακεχυμένον. Καὶ τέρεν, τὸ ἁπαλόν· παρὰ τὸ διακεχύσθαι καὶ μὴ τραχὺ εἶναι); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, tau, p. 1723 (Τέρεν. ἁπαλὸν, τρυφερόν. [παρὰ τὸ θέρω, θέρεν καὶ τέρεν, τὸ ὥσπερ τεθερασμένον καὶ διακεχυμένον. τίθεται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἁπαλοῦ. παρὰ τὸ διακεχύσθαι καὶ μὴ τραχὺ εἶναι.]); Scholia in Hesiodi Theogoniam 5 (τέρενα χρόα: τέρενα τὰ ἁπαλά, κατὰ κοινωνίαν τοῦ τ πρὸϲ τὸ θ, οἷον θέρενα. τὰ γὰρ ἁπαλὰ εὐθέρμαντα, τὰ δὲ ϲκληρὰ ἀθέρμαντα καὶ ἀτέραμνα)

Modern etymology

Belongs with τέρυς "weak" (Hsch.). From PIE *ter-, with cognates in Vedic táruṇa- "young, tender", Lat. tener "soft" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre