ἐνιαύω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
ἐνιαυτός· ... οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἰαύω, τὸ ἐνδιατρίβω, ὡς λέγει Φιλόξενος, καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἐνιαύω, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐνιαυτός· ὁ ἐνδιάτριπτος χρόνος. καὶ Ὅμηρος (Od. 9.187) "ἔνθα Κύκλωψ ἐνίαυε πελώριος"
Translation (En)
"eniautos "anniversary": others say that it is from iauō "to spend the night", as says Philoxenus, and in composition eniauō "to spend the night in", and from the latter eniautos, the time spent inside. And Homer (Od. 9.187) has "ἔνθα Κύκλωψ ἐνίαυε πελώριος"
Parallels
Etym. Gudianum, epsilon p. 476 (Ἐνιαυτός· ὅτι ἐν ἑαυτῷ πάντα ἔχει. Ἐνιαυτός· παρὰ τὸ ἐν ἑαυτῷ διειληφέναι τοὺς καιροὺς καὶ τροπάς); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 153 (Ἐνιαυτός, παρὰ τὸ ἐν ἑαυτῷ εἰληφέναι τοὺς μῆνας καὶ τοὺς χρόνους· οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἰαύω τὸ ἐνδιατρίβω [διατέλλω], οἱονεὶ ὁ ἐνδιάτριπτος χρόνος· καὶ Ὅμηρος,"ἔνθα Κύκλωψ ἐνίαυε πελώριος"); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 476 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 342 (Ἐνιαυτός: Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἰέναι […]. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐν ἑαυτῷ διειληφέναι πάντα, τούς τε καρποὺς καὶ τὰς τροπὰς, ἢ τοὺς χρόνους καὶ τοὺς μῆνας. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰαύω, τὸ ἐνδιατρίβω, σύνθετον ἐνιαύω, καὶ ὄνομα, ἐνιαυτὸς, ὁ ἐνδιάτριπτος χρόνος· καὶ Ὅμηρος, "Ἔνθα Κύκλωψ ἐνίαυεν"); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 439 (Ἐνιαυτός· παρὰ τὸ ἐν ἑαυτῷ διειληφέναι πάντα τούς τε καρποὺς καὶ τροπάς, ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἰαύω, τὸ διατρίβω· πολλὰς μὲν ἀΰπνους νύκτας ἴαυον· ἐνιαύω καὶ ὄνομα ἐνιαυτός, ὁ ἐνδιάτριπτος χρόνος); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 293 (Σημείωσαι δὲ ὅτι ὁ ἐνιαυτός γίνεται μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰαύω, τὸ διατρίβω, δηλοῖ δὲ χρόνον μακρόν· ἰαύειν μὲν γὰρ τὸ διατρίβειν, διατρίβειν δὲ τὸ ἀργεῖν. Ἐνιαυτὸς γοῦν χρόνος ὁ διατριβὴν ἔχων καὶ μὴ σύντομος); idem, Comm. Od. 2, 60 (ἰαύειν τὸ διατρίβειν, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἐνιαυτὸς); Scholia vetera in Aristophanem, scholia in Ranas 346 (πῶς εἶπεν ἐνιαυτοὺς ἐτῶν, ἐπεὶ ἔτος καὶ ἐνιαυτὸς ταὐτόν. λύεται δὲ παρὰ τῶν παλαιῶν οὕτως· τὸ ἰαύειν ποτὲ μὲν ἐπὶ ὕπνου καὶ ἀνακλίσεως τίθεται, ὡς παρ’ Ὁμήρῳ "τῇ παριαύων τερπέσθω,» ἤγουν παρακείμενος· ὡς ἐπὶ πολὺ δὲ ἡ λέξις ἐπὶ διατριβῆς καὶ ἀργίας λέγεται, ὅθεν καὶ ἐνιαυτὸς ὁ μακρὸς καὶ πολλὴν ἔχων διατριβήν.); Scholia vet. Od. α.288h Pontani (ἐνιαυτὸς ὁ χρόνος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνιαύω τὸ διατρίβω)
Bibliography
On the etymology of ἐνιαυτός, see C. Le Feuvre, "αὖτις δὲ περιπλομένου ἐνιαυτοῦ (Hesiod, Op. 386): on the formation of ἐνιαυτός", in D. Gunkel, S. Jamison, A. Mercado, K. Yoshida (eds), Vina diem celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine, Ann Arbor 2018.
Comment
This paronymic etymology relies on the mere phonetic similarity between the noun and the verb. The semantic relationship is impossible to justify, as one does not understand why the selected period "spent inside" would be the year rather than the night or the day