καίνω

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Last modification

Sun, 10/15/2023 - 11:10

Word-form

δάκνω

Transliteration (Word)

daknō

English translation (word)

to bite

Transliteration (Etymon)

kainō

English translation (etymon)

to kill

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, delta, p. 331

Ed.

E.L. de Stefani, Etymologicum Gudianum, fasc. 1 & 2, Leipzig: Teubner, 1:1909; 2:1920 (repr. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1965)

Quotation

Δάκνω· παρὰ τὸ καίνω μεταθέσει τοῦ κ καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ δ

Translation (En)

Daknō "to bite": from kainō "to kill", by metathesis of the /k/ and addition of /d/

Comment

Derivational etymology, requiring several formal changes. It seems to have arisen from a misunderstanding of Philoxenus' etymology as it is found in Orion (Etymologicum, delta, p. 49): Δάκνω. παρὰ τὸ καίνω, ἐν συγκοπῇ κνῶ, καὶ ἐν συνθέσει δάκνω· τὸ σφόδρα καίνω. δύναται καὶ παρὰ τὸ κνῶ. Orion does not say explicitly that δάκνω is a compound with the intensive δα- as its first member. He only says "in composition" (ἐν συνθέσει), but leaves the first member in the dark. This may have led a copyist to design an etymology from the same καίνω, without δα- because it was not mentioned in Orion.

Parallels

There is no parallel

Modern etymology

PIE root *denk- "to bite", cognate with Ved. dáśati "he bites", Toch.B tsāk- "bite", OHG zangar "biting" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has δαγκώνω and δαγκάνω with an infix

Entry By

Le Feuvre