δαίω2

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Fri, 08/11/2023 - 10:52

Word-form

δαῖς

Transliteration (Word)

daïs

English translation (word)

battle

Transliteration (Etymon)

daiō

English translation (etymon)

to divide

Author

Apollonius Soph.

Century

1 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Lexicon Homericum, p. 56

Ed.

I. Bekker, Apollonii Sophistae lexicon Homericum, Berlin: Reimer, 1833 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1967)

Quotation

δαΐφρων πολεμικός, ἀπὸ τοῦ δαΐζειν, ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ δαῖς ἡ μάχη· “ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ.”

Translation (En)

Daiphrōn "warlike", from daizein "to cut", from which also comes daïs "battle": en daï lugrēi ‘in the woeful battle’

Comment

Elliptic derivational etymology: the real etymon δαίομαι "to divide" is replaced by a synonym δαίζω (derivative of δαίομαι). The formal derivation is not explained in Apollonius but is found in later sources: δάϊς is derived from the future δαίσω of δαίομαι, and in the process the -s-, future suffix, becomes -s, Nom.sg ending. This was Herodian's etymology (ap. Choeroboscus, see Parallels)

Parallels

Ps.-Herodian, Fragmentum grammaticum quod incipit a vocibus ζητοῦμεν καὶ τὴν τοῦ Ἄρης, p. 239 (<δαίς "banquet"> ἴσως ὀξυτονήθη πρὸς ἕτερον σημαινόμενον· ἔστι γὰρ δαῖς περισπώμενον ἐπὶ τῆς μάχης· ἔνθεν αἰτιατική· ‘εἰς δάϊν ὁπλισμένων ἵππων ἀργός’ ἔχει Καλλίμαχος, καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ δαίω τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ μερίζω); Orion, Etymologicum, delta, p. 50 (Δῆρις. παρὰ τὸ δαίω τὸ κόπτω καὶ σφάζω, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ. καὶ δήϊος ὁ πολέμιος. παρὰ τὸ δαίω. ὃς οὐ... φήσαιτο τοῦ δαίειν καὶ κόπτειν. καὶ δάϊς ἡ μάχη βαρυτόνως. μεταθέσει τοῦ α εἰς η, δῆϊς, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ, δῆρις); Choeroboscus, De orthographia (epitome), p. 221 (δαίω, σημαίνει δὲ τὸ κόπτω, δαῖς καὶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ α εἰς η δὴς, καὶ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ρ δῆρις); Epimerismi homerici in ordine alphabetico traditi, delta 57 (τῆς δὲ δαΐ δοτικῆς ἡ εὐθεῖα δαΐς· τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω, κατὰ διάλυσιν δαΐω καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ζ δαΐζω· ὁ μέλλων δαΐσω καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν δαΐς); Etym. Gudianum, delta, p. 330-331 (τῆς δὲ <δαΐ> δοτικῆς ἡ εὐθεῖα δαΐς. τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω, κατὰ διάλυσιν δαΐω, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ζ δαΐζω· τοῦ δαΐζω ὁ μέλλων δαΐσω, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ δαΐς); T Schol. Il. 14.387b (δαΐ: δαίω δαίσω δαῒς δαΐ, ὅθεν τὸ „δήϊος“ [unclear: either δαίω "to divide" or δαίω "to burn"]); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 266 (Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ σφάζω καὶ κόπτω, γίνεται ὄνομα δάϊς βαρύτονον· (Καλλίμαχος, ‘Ἐς δάϊν ἐρχομένων’) καὶ ἐκτάσει τοῦ α εἰς η, δῆϊς· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ, δῆρις); Etym. Symeonis, delta 9 (Δάϊς· ἡ μάχη· ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ· παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ καίω, ὁ μέλλων δαίσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω δαίς, καὶ κατὰ διάλυσιν δάϊς· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω τὸ κόπτω καὶ κατὰ διάλυσιν δαΐω, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ζ δαΐζω, ὁ μέλλων δαΐσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω, δαΐς); ibid., delta 10 (Δαίς· ἡ μεριστὴ εὐωχία· παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ μερίζω, δαίσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω, δαίς. Ἰστέον ὅτι τὰ εἰς αις ἀποστρέφονται τὴν ὀξείαν τάσιν πλὴν τοῦ δαῖς); ibid., delta 183 (Δῆρις· ἡ μάχη· παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω· γίνεται ὄνομα βαρύτονον δάϊς· Καλλίμαχος· ἐς δάϊν ἐρχομένων· καὶ ἐκτάσει τοῦ α εἰς η, δήϊς καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ, δῆρις); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, delta, p. 467 (Δαΐς. ἡ μάχη. [παρὰ τὸ δαίω, ὁ μέλλων δαίσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω δαὶς, καὶ κατὰ διάλυσιν δαΐς. ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ. ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω τὸ κόπτω, κατὰ διάλυσιν δαΐω, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ζ δαΐζω, ὁ μέλλων δαΐσω, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω δαΐς])

Modern etymology

If δαΐ is the first member of the Mycenaean compound da-i-qo-ta = Δηιφόντης, δαΐ and δήϊος "terrible" must go back to *dā̆s-i-, which may relate them to the root of δαίομαι "to divide". Beekes, EDG, thinks the word is pre-Greek

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre