τίθημι

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Last modification

Thu, 03/23/2023 - 19:40

Word-form

θάπτω

Transliteration (Word)

thaptō

English translation (word)

to honour with funeral rites, to bury

Transliteration (Etymon)

tithēmi

English translation (etymon)

to set

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. *99

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, theta, p. 71

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig: Weigel, 1820 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1973): 1-172

Quotation

Θάπτω· παρὰ τὸ θῶ ῥῆμα, τὸ τιθῶ. ὡς βῶ βάπτω, οὕτω καὶ θῶ θάπτω.

Translation (En)

Thaptō "to bury": from the verb thō, "to set". Just as * "to walk" yields baptō "to dip", thō yields thaptō.

Other translation(s)

Thaptō « enterrer » : du verbe thō, « placer ». De même que * « marcher » donne baptō « plonger », de même thō donne thaptō.

Comment

Derivational etymology, with a formal parallel provided. The semantic connection lies in the fact that "to bury" is to lay the corpse or the funerary urn in the tomb

Parallels

Philoxenus, fr. 22 (τάφος· ὅπου τίθεται τὰ λείψανα. παρὰ τὸ θῶ καὶ τιθῶ, παράγωγον θάπτω, ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα θάπτος καὶ πάλιν τροπῇ τοῦ θ εἰς τὸ τ καὶ τοῦ π εἰς τὸ φ καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ τ <τάφος>· περιττὸν γάρ ἐστι τὸ τ. ἐν τῷ ῥηματικῷ. οὕτω Φιλόξενος ἐν τῷ Περὶ μονοσυλλάβων ῥημάτων); Herodian, De prosodia catholica, Gr. Gr. 3.1, p. 446 (καὶ θῶ θάπτω τὸ ἀποτίθημι τὴν ταφήν, οὕτω καὶ κνῶ κνάπτω); Herodian, Περὶ παθῶν, Gr. Gr. 3.2, p. 294 (θάπτω: ὡς παρὰ τὸ βῶ βάπτω, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ θῶ θάπτω· ἀΐδιον γὰρ ἔχουσι τὴν ἀπόθεσιν οἱ θαπτόμενοι); Orion, Etymologicum, tau, p. 152 (Τάφος. ἔνθα τὰ λείψανα. παρὰ τὸ θῶ τιθῶ, παράγωγον θάπτω, καὶ πάλιν τροπῇ τοῦ θ εἰς τ, καὶ τοῦ π εἰς φ. περιττὸν γὰρ ἐστὶ τὸ τ ἐν τῷ ῥήματι. Φιλόξενος ἐν τῷ περὶ μονοσυλλάβων ῥημάτων); Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν, kappa 138 (ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ κνῶ κνάπτω, ὡς βῶ βάπτω καὶ ῥῶ ῥάπτω καὶ θῶ θάπτω); Etym. Gudianum, theta, p. 255 (Θάπτω, ὥσπερ παρὰ τὸ βῶ γίνεται βάπτω, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ θῶ γίνεται θάπτω./Θάπτειν, παρὰ τὸ θῶ ῥῆμα καὶ τιθῶ, ὡς βῶ βάπτω καὶ θῶ θάπτω. ἀΐδιον γὰρ ἔχουσιν ἀπόθεσιν οἱ θαπτόμενοι.); ibid., tau, p. 253 (Τάφος, μνημεῖον, ὅπου ἀποτίθενται τὰ λείψανα, παρὰ τὸ θῶ τιθῶ, παράγωγον θάπτω, ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα θάπτος, τροπῇ τοῦ θ εἰς τ, καὶ τοῦ π εἰς φ, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ τ· περιττὸν γάρ ἐστι τὸ τ, ἐν τῷ ῥήματι· οὕτω Φιλόξενος ἐν τῷ περὶ μονοσυλλάβων ῥημάτων); Eustathius, Comm. Il. vol. 1, p. 28 (ὡς γὰρ θῶ θάπτω, ῥῶ ῥάπτω, οὕτως ἱῶ ἰάπτω τὸ ἵημι, ὅ ἐστι πέμπω); ibid., vol. 2, p. 54 (ὡς γὰρ ῥῶ ῥάπτω τὸ τὰ διαλελυμένα εἰς ῥῶσιν ἄγω, καὶ βῶ βάπτω τὸ ἐμβιβάζω ποι τὸ ἐνιέμενον, καὶ θῶ θάπτω τὸ ἀποτίθημι εἰς ταφὴν, οὕτω καὶ κνῶ κνάπτω); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 443 (Θάπτω: Ὡς παρὰ τὸ βῶ γίνεται βάπτω, οὕτως καὶ παρὰ τὸ θῶ, τὸ τίθημι, γίνεται θάπτω· ἀΐδιον γὰρ ἔχουσι τὴν ἀπόθεσιν οἱ θαπτόμενοι); ibid., Kallierges, p. 748 (Τάφος: [...] Ἢ παρὰ τὸ θῶ· οὗ παράγωγον, θάπτω· καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ θ εἰς τὸ τ καὶ τοῦ π εἰς τὸ φ· περιττὸν γὰρ τὸ τ ἐν τῷ ῥήματι); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, tau, p. 1711 (Τάφος. ὅπου τίθεται τὰ λείψανα. παρὰ τὸ θῶ καὶ τιθῶ παράγωγον θάπτω. καὶ πάλιν τροπῇ τοῦ θ εἰς τ καὶ τοῦ π εἰς φ τάφος. περιττὸν γὰρ τὸ τ ἐν τῷ ῥήματι)

Modern etymology

Belongs with τάφος "tomb", τάφρος "ditch". PIE *dhembh-, which has a cognate in Armenian damban "tomb" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Τάφος still exists in MG but the verb no longer does

Entry By

Eva Ferrer