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Ancient and Medieval Greek Etymologies

ἀκέω2

Word

ἀκέω2

Validation

No

Last modification

Thu, 03/02/2023 - 18:19

Word-form

ἀκέων

Word-lemma

LSJ

Etymon-lemma

LSJ-1 .

LSJ-2

Transliteration (Word)

akeō

English translation (word)

to be silent

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + keimai

English translation (etymon)

very + to lie down

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. *34

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Etymologicum Genuinum

Ref.

alpha 314

Ed.

F. Lasserre and N. Livadaras, Etymologicum magnum genuinum. Symeonis etymologicum una cum magna grammatica. Etymologicum magnum auctum, vol. 1, Rome: Ateneo, 1976

Quotation

Ἀκέων· ...ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέω, τὸ κοιμῶμαι, κέων ἡ μετοχή· „ὦρσο κέων, ὦ ξεῖνε“ (η 342), πλεονασμῷ τοῦ α.

Translation (En)

Akeōn "silently" : ...or from *keō, "to go to bed", the participle being keōn : "ôrso keōn, ô xeine" ["rouse yourself now, stranger"] (η 342), with addition of a.

Other translation(s)

Akeōn « en silence » : ...ou bien dérivé de *keō, « se coucher », keōn au participe : « ôrso keōn, ô xeine » [« lève-toi à présent, étranger »] (η 342), avec ajout du /a/.

Comment

The wording in the Genuine implies that the a- is an added letter, an accident (pathos). However, the wording in the other sources show it was understood as the intensive alpha, and this is probably what Philoxenus had in mind, too. Therefore it is a compositional etymology. The word "silently" is derived from a meaning "very asleep", although κεῖμαι simply means "to lie", not "to sleep". The meaning "sleeping" was inferred from "lying".

Parallels

Epimerismi Homerici Il. 1.34b2 (ἀκέων: [...] οἱ δὲ τὸ πάνυ σιγᾶν καὶ λυπεῖσθαι λέγουσι, παρὰ τὸ κείω, τὸ κοιμῶμαι, μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ α, ἀκείω καὶ ἀκέων); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 63 (Ὁμήρου Ἀκέων <Α 34>· [...] οἱ δὲ τὸ πάνυ σιγᾶν καὶ λυπεῖσθαι λέγουσι· παρὰ τὸ κέω, τὸ κοιμῶμαι, μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ α ἀκέω καὶ ἀκέων); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 46 (Ἀκέων: Ἡσυχάζων. [...] Οἱ δὲ τὸ πάνυ σιγᾶν καὶ λυπεῖσθαι λέγουσι. Παρὰ τὸ κέω τὸ κοιμῶμαι, μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ ἄλφα, ἀκέω, καὶ ἀκέων ἡ μετοχή); Etym. Symeonis, vol. 1, p. 208 (Ἀκέων [...] ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέω, τὸ κοιμῶμαι, κέων ἡ μετοχή (η 342)· † ὦρσο κέων, ὦ ξεῖνε, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ α); John Tzetzes, Exegesis in Homeri Iliadem 1, v. 34 (ἀκέων· ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τῶν κοιμωμένων, κατ’ ἐπίτασιν τοῦ α· οἱ γὰρ κοιμώμενοι ἡσυχάζουσι· χρῆσις δὲ τοῦ κέω τὸ κοιμῶμαι, ὄρσο κέων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 113 (Ἀκέων. ἡσυχάζων. [...] ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέω τὸ κοιμῶμαι, ἀκέων ἐπιτάσει τοῦ α)