κάρφω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Κεφαλή. ἥτις καρφαλή ἐστι. παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι. ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης αὐτὴ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον
Translation (En)
Kephalē "head", the one which is dry *karphalê, from karphesthai, that is, "to dry up". Because it is dry and bony, according to Apollodorus
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. Darmstadino 2773), kappa, p. 614 (κεφαλὴ ἤτοι καρφαλή ἐστι παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 52 (Εἴρηται δὲ κεφαλὴ παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι· ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης ἐστί· τινὲς δὲ κελυφὴν αὐτὴν λέγουσι, διὰ τὸ σκέπειν καὶ καλύπτειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον); Leo Medicus, De natura hominum synopsis 25 (Κεφαλὴ λέγεται παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι· ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης ἐστίν· ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς κυφότητος· ἢ κελυ[σ]φὴν διὰ τὸ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 99 (Κεφαλή, […] Παρὰ τὸ κάρφος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ ξηρὸν, ὁ κατάξηρος τόπος, ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέλυφος, κελυφὴ, καὶ κεφαλή· ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἐκεῖσε κεῖσθαι τὰ φάη); Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 317 (Κεφαλὴ, παρὰ τὸ κάρφος καὶ φαλὴ, καὶ κεφαλὴ ὁ κατάξηρος τόπος καὶ ὀστώδης, ἢ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον καλύφη τις οὖσα, παρὰ τὸ καλύπτειν καὶ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον· τινὲς δὲ, παρὰ τὸ ἐκεῖσε κεῖσθαι τὰ φαὴ, κεφαή τις οὖσα, καὶ κεφαλή· οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ κάπω τὸ πνέω, καπαλὴ καὶ κεφαλὴ, οἱονεὶ ἡ διαπνέουσα, ὅθεν καὶ κῆπος ὁ διαπνεόμενος τόπος· διὸ καὶ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις τὸν ἀνατεμνόμενον τόπον πρὸς ἀνάπαυσιν λέγομεν κῆπον, παρὰ τὸ κάπω τὸ πνέω· ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπυσσε, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀπέπνευσε); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 507 (Κεφαλή: Ἤτοι παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, τὸ ξηραίνεσθαι, ὁ κατάξηρος τόπος καὶ ὀστώδης· ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης· ἢ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον, καλύφη τις οὖσα, παρὰ τὸ καλύπτειν καὶ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον. Τινὲς δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἐκεῖ κεῖσθαι τὰ φάη, κεφαή τις οὖσα, κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ λ. Οἱ δὲ, παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ πνέω, καπαλὴ, καὶ κεφαλὴ, οἱονεὶ ἡ διαπνέουσα· παρὰ τὸ πνεῖν· ὅθεν καὶ κῆπος, ὁ διαπνεόμενος τόπος· διὸ καὶ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις τὸν ἀποτετμημένον τόπον πρὸς [ἄνεμον] ἀνάπνευσιν κῆπον λέγουσιν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέλυφος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ κάλυμμα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1190 (Κεφαλή. παρὰ τὸ κάρφος καρφαλὴ, καὶ κεφαλή· ὁ κατάξηρος καὶ ὀστώδης τόπος. ἢ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον κελύφη τις οὖσα, παρὰ τὸ καλύφειν καὶ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον. τινὲς δὲ παρὰ τὸ ἐκεῖ κεῖσθαι τὰ φάη, κεφάη τις οὖσα καὶ κεφαλή. οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ πνέω, καπαλὴ καὶ κεφαλή· οἱονεὶ ἡ διαπνέουσα. ὅθεν καὶ κῆπος, ὁ διαπνεόμενος τόπος. διὸ καὶ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις τὸν ἀποπνεόμενον τόπον πρὸς ἀνάπαυσιν κῆπον λέγομεν. παρὰ τὸ κάπω, τὸ πνέω. ‘ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχῆς ἐκάπυσεν’, ὅ ἐστιν ἀνέπνευσεν)
Comment
Derivational descriptive etymology understanding "head" as "skull", because the skull is dry. It implies several formal manipulations. The mention of Apollodorus results from a mistake by the abbreviator: Apollodorus' etymology was different (see κεφαλή / καλύπτω) and the compiler of Orion's main manuscript must have omitted a line. As a matter of fact, in Byzantine etymologic preserving a longer wording, Apollodorus' etymology is mentioned after the etymology by κάρφω