καλύπτω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Orion (Sturz):
Κεφαλή. ἥτις καρφαλή ἐστι. παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι. ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης αὐτὴ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον.
Κελύφη ἐστὶ παρὰ τὸ σκέπειν καὶ καλύπτειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον. τινὲς δὲ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ λ, κεφαή τις οὖσα, ἐν ᾗ κεῖνται τὰ φάη. ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς κυφότητος. τὸ γὰρ περιφερὲς, κυφὸν λέγεται. ἀφ’ οὗ καὶ κύμβιον, τὸ περιφερὲς ποτήριον […]
The original formulation was:
Κεφαλή. ἥτις καρφαλή ἐστι. παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι. ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης αὐτὴ. ἢ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον κελύφη ἐστὶ παρὰ τὸ σκέπειν καὶ καλύπτειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον. τινὲς δὲ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ λ, κεφαή τις οὖσα, ἐν ᾗ κεῖνται τὰ φάη. ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς κυφότητος. τὸ γὰρ περιφερὲς, κυφὸν λέγεται
Translation (En)
Transmitted text:
Kephalē "head": the dry one, from karphesthai, that is, "to dry up". Because it is dry and bony according to Apllodorus.
Keluphē "shell", from kaluptein "to cover" and protect the brain. But some say that it <was created> through addition of [l], a *kephaē, in which the eyes lie. Others, from the fact it is convex (kuphotētos), because what is rounded is called kuphos. From which comes kumbon, the rounded drinking cup […]
Original formulation:
Kephalē "head": the dry one, from karphesthai, that is, "to dry up". Because it is dry and bony. Or, according to Apllodorus, keluphē "shell", from kaluptein "to cover" and protect the brain. But some say that it <was created> through addition of [l], a *kephaē, in which the eyes lie. Others, from the fact it is convex (kuphotētos), because what is rounded is called kuphos. From which comes kumbon, the rounded drinking cup […]
Parallels
Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 317 (Κεφαλὴ, παρὰ τὸ κάρφος καὶ φαλὴ, καὶ κεφαλὴ ὁ κατάξηρος τόπος καὶ ὀστώδης, ἢ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον καλύφη τις οὖσα, παρὰ τὸ καλύπτειν καὶ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον· τινὲς δὲ, παρὰ τὸ ἐκεῖσε κεῖσθαι τὰ φαὴ, κεφαή τις οὖσα, καὶ κεφαλή· οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὸ κάπω τὸ πνέω, καπαλὴ καὶ κεφαλὴ, οἱονεὶ ἡ διαπνέουσα, ὅθεν καὶ κῆπος ὁ διαπνεόμενος τόπος· διὸ καὶ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις τὸν ἀνατεμνόμενον τόπον πρὸς ἀνάπαυσιν λέγομεν κῆπον, παρὰ τὸ κάπω τὸ πνέω· ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπυσσε, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀπέπνευσε); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 507 (idem); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 52 (Εἴρηται δὲ κεφαλὴ παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι· ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης ἐστί· τινὲς δὲ κελυφὴν αὐτὴν λέγουσι, διὰ τὸ σκέπειν καὶ καλύπτειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον); Leo Medicus, De natura hominum synopsis 25 (Κεφαλὴ λέγεται παρὰ τὸ κάρφεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι ξηραίνεσθαι· ξηρὰ γὰρ καὶ ὀστώδης ἐστίν· ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς κυφότητος· ἢ κελυ[σ]φὴν διὰ τὸ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1190 (ἢ κατὰ Ἀπολλόδωρον κελύφη τις οὖσα, παρὰ τὸ καλύφειν καὶ σκέπειν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον)
Comment
Derivational descriptive etymology implying a metathesis of the consonants [ph] and [l], and a change of the vowels. Other sources (see Parallels) keep the older formulation, altered in the main manuscript of Orion because the copyist erroneously dealt with κελύφη as with a separate lemma (and added derivatives of κέλυφος) instead of dealing with it as the etymon of κεφαλή. Apollodorus' full derivation was καλύπτω → *καλυφή → κελυφή → κεφαλή (the Ps.-Zonaras and Meletius preserve κελυφή, while the Etym. Gudianum and after it the Etym. Magnum transformed it into καλύφη).