ἔχω
Word
Validation
No
Word-form
ἔχθος
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
ekhthos
English translation (word)
hatred
Transliteration (Etymon)
ekhō
English translation (etymon)
to hold, to have
Century
9 AD
Source
Idem
Ref.
Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 102
Ed.
T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1842
Quotation
Παρὰ τὸ ἐχθραίνω, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἐχθρὸς, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἔχθος, τὸ μῖσος, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἔχω τὸ κρατῶ
Translation (En)
Fron ekhthrainō "to hate", the latter from ekhthros "enemy", the latter from ekhthos "hatred", the latter from ekhō "to rule"
Parallels
Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 1042 (Ἔχθος· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔχω· ἀφ’ οὗ ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα, ἐκτὸς καὶ καθεκτός. Καὶ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀκτὸς ἄχθω ἄχθομαι, οὕτως ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔχω ἐκτός, ἔχθω ἔχθομαι ἔχθος); Scholia in Batrachomyomachiam 114 (ἔχθος δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔχω τὸ κρατῶ· γίνεται ἔχος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ θ ἔχθος); Scholia in Aeschylum (recentiora), Prom. 37 (ἔχθιστον] ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔχω τοῦ κρατῶ ἔχος, καὶ πλεονασμῷ ἔχθος)
Modern etymology
Ἐχθρός is derived from ἐξ "out of", the enemy being the foreigner. Cognate in Lat. extrā "outside" (Beekes, EDG)
Persistence in Modern Greek
MG still has εχθρός "enemy", and έχθρα "hatred", as learned words
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
Derivational etymology relying on the initial sequence ἐχ-. Other sources derive ἔχθος not directly from the verb but from the verbal adjective ἐκτός, then assuming a change of the consonants which become aspirate. Hatred is etymologized as what takes hold of someone and dominates them.