ὑφαιρέω

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Last modification

Tue, 10/18/2022 - 18:20

Word-form

ὕβρις

Transliteration (Word)

hubris

English translation (word)

wanton violence

Transliteration (Etymon)

huphaireō

English translation (etymon)

to filch away

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, upsilon, p. 539

Ed.

F. Sturz, Etymologicum Graecae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita, Leipzig: Weigel, 1818

Quotation

Ὕβρις, ἡ μετὰ προπηλακισμοῦ καὶ ἐπηρείας αἰκία, παρὰ τὸ ὑφαιρ<ῶ> ὕφρις, ὡς χαίρω χάρις, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ φ εἰς β, ὕβρις, οἷον, ὑπόβαρίς τις οὖσα. 

Translation (En)

Hubris "wanton violence", the outrage with insult and contumely, from huphaireō "to  filch away", *huphris, as khairō "to rejoice", kharis "grace", and with change of the [ph] into [b], hubris, a *hupobaris, as it were

Comment

Derivational etymology implying a series of formal modifications. The initial ὑ- orients toward a verb with the preverb ὑπο-, ὑφ- before a verb with initial aspiration, and then the φ is assumed to be changed into β. The final syllable -ρις echoes χάρις, therefore the derivation yielding χάρις is transposed to ὕβρις: χάρις : χαίρω :: ὕβρις : x = *ὑ–αιρω. therefore ὑφαιρέω (with contraction ὑφαιρῶ). The exact parallelism would yield a form *ὑφαρις, then *ὑβαρις and through syncope ὕβρις. The ghost form *ὑβαρις is the one underlying the *ὑπόβαρις, which looks like a reanalysis of ὑ- as the monosyllabic variant of ὑπο-, found in Aeolic (Hom. ὕββαλε). From the semantic point of view, the etymology is baseless.

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 774 (Παρὰ τὸ ὑφαιρῶ ὕφρις· καὶ τροπῇ, ὕβρις· οἷον ὑπόβαρίς τις οὖσα. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ὑβάλλω, τὸ ἐμποδίζω, ὕβαλις· καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ λ εἰς ρ, ὕβρις)

Modern etymology

Possibly related to the group of βριαρός. No clear etymology (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has ύβρις as a learned word, the usual word is βρισιά

Entry By

Le Feuvre