κραίνω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Κράτα. τὴν κεφαλήν. ἀπὸ τοῦ κράτος, ὡς ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ τυγχάνοντος· παρὰ τὸ κραίνειν καὶ βασιλεύειν τοῦ ὅλου σώματος. ὅθεν κρανίον καὶ κέρατα, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κρανίου φυόμενα. Σωρανός.
Translation (En)
Krata, the head. From kratos "power", because the powerful part is located there; from krainein "to rule" and reign over the whole body, whence also kranion ‘skull’ and kerata ‘horns’, which grow from the skull. Soranus.
Parallels
Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 343 (Κράτα, τὴν κεφαλὴν, ἀπὸ τοῦ κράτος ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ τυγχάνοντος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ κραίνειν καὶ βασιλεύειν τοῦ λοιποῦ σώματος, ὅθεν καὶ κρανίον καὶ κέρατα, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κρανίου φυόμενα· οὕτως Ὦρος. ὁ δὲ Χοιροβοσκὸς παρὰ τὸ ὁ κρὰς τοῦ κρατὸς τῷ κράτι τὸν κράτα); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 535 (Κράτα: Τὴν κεφαλήν· ἀπὸ τοῦ κράτους, ὡς ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ τυγχάνοντος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ κραίνειν καὶ βασιλεύειν τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος· ὅθεν καὶ κρανίον· καὶ κέρατα, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κρανίου φυόμενα· οὕτω Σωρανός· ὁ δὲ Χοιροβοσκὸς, παρὰ τὸ ὁ κρὰς, τοῦ κρατὸς, τῷ κρατὶ, τὸν κράτα, καὶ κράτα)
Comment
The Etym. Gudianum and Etym. Magnum have a slightly different formulation ὴ παρὰ τὸ κραίνειν "or from κραίνειν", which is probably the original formulation. Κάρα is derived from κραίνω, whereas usually κραίνω is derived from κάρα (reversible etymology, see κραίνω / κάρα). This was Soranus' etymology, according to Orion. The explanation starts from the secondary meaning of κραίνω "to reign", not from the primary meaning "to accomplish", and etymologizes the head as the ruling organ. A less likely hypothesis is that the ἤ added in the Etym. Gudianum and Etym. Magnum is secondary and the original formulation is that of the main manuscript of Orion's Etymologicum, with κραίνω provided as the etymon of κράτος and not directly of κάρα (see Le Feuvre, forthcoming).