κέρας + αἴρω

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Last modification

Wed, 08/24/2022 - 12:25

Word-form

κείρειν

Transliteration (Word)

keirō

English translation (word)

to cut, to shave

Transliteration (Etymon)

keras + airō

English translation (etymon)

horn + to lift up

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, kappa, p. 80

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Κείρειν. παρὰ τὸ αἴρειν καὶ ἀποκόπτειν τὸ κέρας, τουτέστι τὴν τρίχα

Translation (En)

Keirein "to shave": from "to remove" (airein) and cut the keras, that is, the hair

Comment

Compositional etymology starting from κέρας in the meaning "hair", and accounting for the diphthong of the present stem κείρω by a second etymon, αἴρω "to lift up", in the derived meaning of "to take away, to remove". The verb thus amounts to the full syntagm verb + object "to remove the hair". This etymology implies heavy formal manipulations, and the detail is not provided in Orion. Presumably the process was understood do be *κεαίρω, with only the first syllable of κέρας kept, and then a contraction of εαι into ει (this one was known to Greek grammarians, who one that for instance the ending of the 2sg M was in Homer -εαι whereas it is in koine -ει)

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 311 (Κείρειν, ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴρειν καὶ ἀποκόπτειν τὸ κέρας, ἤγουν τὴν τριχά. οὕτως ἐγώ); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 508 (Κείρειν: Τὸ κόπτειν· ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴρειν καὶ ἀποκόπτειν τὸ κέρας, ἤγουν τὴν τρίχα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1196 (Κείρειν. κόπτειν. ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴρειν καὶ ἀποκόπτειν τὰς τρίχας)

Modern etymology

Κείρω belongs to an inherited root *(s)ker- "to cut", with cognates in Arm. k͑erem "to shave", OHG sceran "to shave", Ved. kr̥ntáti "to separate" (Beekes, EDG)

Entry By

Le Feuvre