ἔχω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
(Theodoridis) μασχάλη· παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχήσω σχήλη, ὡς στήσω στήλη, καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ η εἰς α σχάλη, καὶ κατὰ ἀναδιπλασιασμὸν τῆς μα συλλαβῆς μασχάλη· ἡ λίαν κατέχουσα ἅτινα ἂν σχῇ.
Orion does not have the end ἡ λίαν κατέχουσα ἅτινα ἂν σχῇ, which is preserved in other sources Orion, Etymologicum, excerpt e cod. regional's Paris 2630, and Etym. Gudianum, see Parallels).
Translation (En)
maskhalē "armpit": from *skhô "to hold", <future> skhēsō, <noun> *skhēlē, as stēsō "I will erect" stēlē "erected stone", and by change of the [ē] into [a], *skhalē, and through reduplication of the syllable [ma], maskhalē, the one holding strongly what it holds.
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum (excerpta e cod. regio Paris. 2630), p. 187 (Μασχάλη· παρὰ τὸ εἰς μασ<τ>ὸν χαλᾶσθαι· ἢ παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχήσω σχήλη, ὡς στήσω στήλη, καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ η εἰς α, σχάλη, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τῆς μα συλλαβῆς, μασχάλη, ἡ λίαν κατέχουσα ἅτινα ἂν σχῇ· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ χαλᾶσθαι εἰς μαστόν· ἢ εἰς ἣν χαλᾶται ὁ μῦς· ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀλέας τῆς διὰ τὴν καμπὴν τοῦ σώματος. οὕτω Σωρανός. ὁ δὲ Ἡρακλείδης ἀπὸ τοῦ μαστεύειν τὶ ὑπ’ αὐτὴν, ἐπειδὴ οἱ ὑφαιρούμενοί τι ὑπ’ αὐτὴν κρύπτουσιν.); Etym. Gudianum, mu, p. 381 (idem); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 119 (ἡ οὖν μασχάλη ἐτυμολογεῖται παρὰ τὸ λίαν κατέχειν ἅτινα ἂν σχῇ· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ κεχαλᾶσθαι εἰς μαστόν· ἢ εἰς ἣν χαλᾶται ὁ μῦς· ἢ παρὰ τὸ μαστεύειν τι ὑπ’ αὐτήν· ἐπειδὴ ἀφαιρούμενοί τι ἐξ ἄλλων κρύπτομεν); Etym. Parvum, mu 8 (Μασχάλη· παρὰ τὸ εἰς μάχας χαλᾶσθαι ἢ παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχήσω σχάλη καὶ μασχάλη); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 574 (Μασχάλη: Παρὰ τὸ κεχαλᾶσθαι εἰς μαστὸν, ἢ εἰς ἣν χαλᾶται ὁ μῦς· ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀλέας τῆς διὰ τὴν καμπὴν τοῦ σώματος· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ μαστεύειν τι ὑπ’ αὐτὴν, ἐπειδὴ οἱ ὑφαιρούμενοι τι ὑπ’ αὐτὴν κρύπτουσιν. Ἢ ἐκ τοῦ σχῶ σχήσω σχήλη, ὡς στήσω στήλη, καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ η εἰς α σχάλη, καὶ κατὰ μετάπλασιν τῆς ΜΑ συλλαβῆς μασχάλη)
Comment
Derivational etymology starting from the sequence -σχ-, related in synchrony to the zero grade of ἔχω, in particular the aorist ἔσχον and the future σχήσω. Starting from the future tense was common and Philoxenus in particular often does so. The future σχήσω suggests στήσω, future of ἵστημι, which provides a parallel for both the suffix -λη (στήλη) and the alleged change of η into α, backed by the alternation between the two vowels in the verb ἵστημι (ἵστημι / ἵσταμεν). The initial syllable μα- is labelled "reduplication" with a tag which is probably not Philoxenus': in other sources reporting the same etymology the text simply has πλεονασμός "addition" (see Parallels), and this is probably the older state of the formulation – the formulation in the main manuscript of Orion must be secondary. From the semantic point of view, the armpit is etymologized after the position of the upper arm tightly held along the body.