ἀσκός
Word
Validation
Yes
Word-form
ἀσκῶ
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
askeō
English translation (word)
to train, to exercise
Transliteration (Etymon)
askos
English translation (etymon)
hide, wideskin
Century
2 AD
Reference
De Prosodia catholica, Lentz III/1, p. 4638
Edition
A. Lentz, Grammatici graeci III/1, Leipzig, Teubner 1867
Source
Arcadius
Ref.
De prosodia catholica epitome
Ed.
S. Roussou, Pseudo-Arcadius' Epitome of Herodian's De Prosodia Catholica, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018
Quotation
τὸ μέντοι δισκῶ καὶ διασκῶ καὶ ἀσκῶ ἔχουσι τὸ δίσκος καὶ ἀσκός, καὶ τὸ βοσκῶ τὸ βοσκός, καὶ ἱπποβοσκῶ τὸ ἱπποβοσκός
Translation (En)
But diskeō "to throw the disk" and diaskeō "to exercise" and askeō "to work" have <as their base> diskos "disk" and askos "wineskin", and boskeō "to pasture" boskos "shepherd", and hippoboskeō hippoboskos.
Parallels
Arcadius, De prosodia catholica epit. p. 165.6 (idem); Orion, Etym. alpha 7 (καὶ τὸ ἀσκηθείς ἐντεῦθεν, ὁ καὶ ἀβλαβής, ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τοῦ ἀσκοῦ). Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 154 (Καὶ ὁ ἀθλητὴς, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀσκῆσαι· ἐκ τοῦ ἀσκός); Etym. Gudianum, ēta p. 249 (τὸ ῥῆμα ἀσκῶ, σημαίνει δὲ τὸ μετὰ πολλοῦ πόνου καὶ κόπου ἐργάζεσθαι, ἐκ τοῦ ἀσκὸς ἀσκῶ)
Modern etymology
Chantraine (DELG) thinks Herodian's etymology is correct, Beekes (EDG) deems that "uncertain"
Persistence in Modern Greek
MG still has ασκώ "to train"
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
Herodian's point is the difference between paroxytone present stems, explained as not based on a noun, and perispomene ones, explained as based on a noun. He includes ἀσκέω into this list, assuming it is derived from ἀσκός. Formally, this is flawless, From the semantic point of view, it would imply that the denominative was created when ἀσκός had the general meaning "prepared hide", from which the specialized usual meaning "wineskin" will evolve, and that the first meaning of ἀσκέω, "to work, to polish, to prepare" was used to the processing of leather. This etymology is still defended by some modern linguists.