ἀ- + ἔχω

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sat, 03/05/2022 - 13:52

Word-form

ἀσκός

Transliteration (Word)

askos

English translation (word)

wineskin

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + ekhō

English translation (etymon)

not + to hold, to have

Author

Choeroboscus

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 139

Ed.

T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford, 1842

Quotation

Ἀσκός, παρὰ τὸ σχῶ, τὸ κρατῶ, σχος, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ  ἀσκὸς, τροπῇ τοῦ δασέος εἰς ψιλόν.

Translation (En)

Askos "wineskin": from skhô "to hold", *skhos, and with the privative alpha, askos, through change of the aspirate into a non aspirate.

Comment

Compositional etymology which is formally rather economical, implying only one formal manipulation, the change of the aspirate [kh] into a non aspirate [k]. However, from the semantic point of view, it is surprising that the wineskin be etymologized as "not holding", unless we assume that it refers to Aeolus' wineskin from which the winds escape in the Odyssey. Choeroboscus may have misunderstood an older explanation where the ἀ- was not the privative alpha, but the "intensive" alpha, since for Greek scholars both were one and the same: in that case the etymology would be "the containing one", which is a functional etymology fit for a wineskin. Alternatively, Choeroboscus did not understand that the σχῶ mentioned in his source (see Etym. Genuinum in the Parallels) is not ἔχω " to have" but the "preform" of σχίζω in Philoxenus' theory. The testimony of the Etym. Genuinum and the Etym. Magnum after it (see Parallels) are ambiguous: either they mix two different etymologies (σχίζω and ἔχω) or they understand σχῶ as the preform of σχίζω and they have only one etymology.

Parallels

Etym. Genuinum, alpha 1275 (Ἀσκός Γ 247· ὁ μὴ ἐσχισμένος· παρὰ τὸ σχῶ σχήσω ἀσχός καὶ ἀσκός); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 155 (Ἀσκός: Ἐκ τοῦ σχίζω μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ α· ἢ παρὰ τὸ σχῶ, σχήσω, ἀσχὸς, καὶ ἀσκὸς, ὁ ἀβλαβὴς καὶ ὑγιὴς καὶ μὴ ἐσχισμένος).

Modern etymology

Unknown (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has ασκός as a learned word (anatomy, mythology for Aeolus' wineskin), the usual one is ασκί.

Entry By

Le Feuvre