λυγρός
Word
Validation
No
Word-form
λευγαλέου
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
leugaleos
English translation (word)
miserable
Transliteration (Etymon)
lugros
English translation (etymon)
baneful
Source
Idem
Ref.
Scholia in Opera et dies 524-526
Ed.
A. Pertusi, Scholia vetera in Hesiodi opera et dies, Milan: Società editrice "Vita e pensiero", 1955
Quotation
[…] παρὰ τὸ λυγρὸν τοῦ λευγαλέου ῥηθέντος ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ λυγρὸν αὐτὸ πεποίηται λίαν ὑγρὸν ὄν.
Translation (En)
[…] leugaleos "miserable" being so called from lugros "baneful", as lugros itself is from what is very (lian) liquid (hugron).
Parallels
Moschopoulos, Scholia in Hesiodi Opera et dies 525a (λευγαλέοις ἀπὸ τοῦ λυγρὸν γίνεται τὸ λευγαλέον, τὸ δὲ λυγρὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ λίαν ὑγρόν· λέγεται δὲ οὕτω τὰ κακά, ὡς λύπην ἐμποιοῦντα· ἐκ γὰρ τῶν ὑγρῶν καὶ ψυχρῶν φασι τὰ λυπηρά, ἐκ δὲ τῶν θερμῶν τὰ ἡδέα)
Modern etymology
Within Greek, connected with λυγρός ‘painful’. Cognate with Lat. lūgeō "to be sad". PIE root *leug- "to break" (Beekes, EDG)
Persistence in Modern Greek
No
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
The formal and semantic relationship between λευγαλέος and λυγρός is correct, as both words belong together although none is directly derived from the other.
A point remains uncertain: this explanation appears together with the etymology of λυγρός as a compound of ὑγρός "moist". Λευγαλέος was explained by some in Antiquity as meaning "liquid", and glossed δίυγρος, because of Il. 21.281 where λευγαλέῳ θανάτῳ refers to a death by drowning (see λευγαλέος / λοιγός). Does that imply an intermediate step λυγρός, in which case the etymology would be old because the use of λευγαλέος "liquid" is already attested in Sophocles? That is, the reasoning would be: "λευγαλέος comes from λυγρός, λυγρός comes from ὑγρός, therefore λευγαλέος means "watery", and this is exactly the Maning in Il. 21.281". However, λευγαλέος is never associated with λυγρός in Homeric scholarship.