ἦθος
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Ἑταῖρος: Βοηθὸς, συνναύτης, φίλος. Εὔσημος ἡ λέξις κατὰ τὸ δηλούμενον. Παρὰ τὸ ἠθεῖος, ἠθαῖος κατὰ Δωριεῖς, ὡς εἴθε, αἴθε. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἦθος, ἠθαῖος, καὶ ἐθαῖος· καὶ κατὰ ἐναλλαγὴν, ἑταῖρος, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ· καὶ τὸ ε δασύνεται. Ἢ ὡς δρόμος δρομαῖος, οὕτως ἔθος ἐθαῖος, ὁ συνήθης· εἶτα μεταθέσει τοῦ θ εἰς τ, ἑταῖος, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ ὡς στὰξ, στράξ· ἄτεμις, ἄρτεμις· ἴδις, ἴδρις· ἀκοῶμαι, ἀκροῶμαι. Ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἔθω, ἐθαῖρος· καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ θ, ὡς θρὶξ τριχὸς, γίνεται ἑταῖρος, ὁ ἐξ ἔθους τινὶ ἐπιφοιτῶν· καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ι, ἕταρος.
Translation (En)
Hetairos "companion": who succours, who is on the same ship, friend. The meaning of the word is clear according to what is meant. From ētheios "trusty", *ēthaios in Doric fashion, as in eithe / aithe "if". Or from ēthos "character", *ēthaios and *ethaios, and through change, hetairos, by adjunction of the [r], and the [e] has a rough breathing. Or, as dromos "race", dromaios "running", so ethos "custom" *ethaios, the customary one, and then with change of the [th] into [t] and addition of [r], as in stax / strax, atemis / Artemis, idis / Idris, akoômai / akroômai. Or from ethō "to be used to", *ethairos, and through change of the [th], as in thrix, trikhos "hair", comes hetairos, the one who is used to frequenting someone. And through dropping of the [I], hetaros.
Parallels
There is no parallel
Bibliography
NB: the etymological notice in Beekes' EDG is contradictory about the relationship with ἔτης. On the one hand, ἑταῖρος shows no trace of initial ϝ, whereas ϝέτης does, but given the various reflexes of initial *sw- in Greek, this is not a very strong objection.
Comment
Derivational etymology for which no semantic justification is given. This is a variation on Herodian's etymology by ἔθος, given at the end, since ἦθος was generally explained as derived from ἔθος (see ἦθος / ἔθος). One of the meanings of ἦθος is "custom", identical with that of ἔθος.