ἀπό + φῆλος
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
γέγονε δὲ παρὰ τὸν φωλεόν· φωλεοὶ γὰρ λέγονται τὰ παιδευτήρια παρὰ τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς φωλεύειν καὶ διατρίβειν. τοὺς οὖν ἀδιδάκτους ἀποφωλίους ἐκάλουν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ φῆλος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν ἀπατεῶνα, φήλιος, καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἀποφήλιος, καὶ τροπῇ ἀποφώλιος, ὡς ἀρήγω ἀρωγός καὶ ῥήσσω ῥωγμός
Translation (En)
(apophōlios): it comes from phōleon: they call phōleoi the schools, from the fact that one spends time and hide (phōleuein) in them; therefore they called the uneducated apophōlious "away from the school". Or from phēlos, « a deceitful man », [adj.] *phēlios, and in composition *apophēlios, and through change apophōlios "empty", as arēgō "to aid" arōgos "succouring" and rhēssō "to break" rhōgmos "cleft"
Parallels
Etym. Symeonis vol. 1, p. 146 (idem); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 178-179 (<Ἀποφώλια>· ... παρὰ τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς φω⟦λεύειν καὶ ἐνδιατρίβειν⟧. κυρίως δὲ φωλεὸς ὁ σκο⟦τεινὸς τόπος, παρὰ τὸ ἀπολωλέ⟧ναι τὸ ⟦φῶς⟧ <ἐκεῖ>. ⟦Ὁμήρου⟧ Ἀπο⟦φώ⟧λι⟦ος⟧· ὁ ἀπαί⟦δευτος⟧. Ὅμηρος <ε 182> „ἦ ⟦δὴ⟧ ἄλιτρός γ’ ἐσσὶ ⟦καὶ οὐκ ἀποφώλια εἰδώς⟧“. παρὰ τὸ φωλεός· φωλεοὶ γὰρ τὰ διδασκαλεῖα. τοὺς οὖν ἀδιδάκτους ἀποφωλίους ⟦ἐκάλουν. ἢ⟧ παρὰ τὸ ⟦φηλός, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν ἀπατεῶνα, φήλιος, καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἀποφήλιος καὶ τροπῇ ἀποφώλιος, ὡς ἀρήγω ἀρωγός, καὶ ῥήσσω ῥηγμός καὶ <Ψ 420> „ῥωγμὸς ἔην γαίης“⟧, θήσω θωμός, ὁ σωρός. ‖ λέγονται καὶ ἀποφώλιοι ἀδόκιμοι, ⟦ἄγονοι, ἄπαιδες⟧.); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 130 (Ἀποφώλιος: Ὁ ἀπαίδευτος· καὶ ἀποφώλια τὰ ἀπαίδευτα. Γέγονε δὲ παρὰ τὸν φωλεόν· φωλεοὶ γὰρ τὰ παιδευτήρια, παρὰ τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς φωλεύειν καὶ διατρίβειν. Τοὺς οὖν ἀδιδάκτους ἀποφωλίους ἐκάλουν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ φῆλος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν ἀπατεῶνα, φήλιος· καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἀποφήλιος, καὶ τροπῇ ἀποφώλιος, ὡς ἀρήγω ἀρωγὸς, καὶ ῥήσσω ῥωγμός); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 254 (γέγονε δὲ παρὰ τὸ φωλεόν· φωλεοὶ γὰρ τὰ παιδευτήρια, παρὰ τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς φωλεύειν καὶ διατρίβειν. [ἢ παρὰ τὸ φῆλος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν ἀπατεῶνα, φήλιος καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ἀποφήλιος καὶ τροπῇ ἀποφώλιος. ἀποφωλίους τοὺς ἀπαιδεύτους ἐκάλουν.])
Comment
Derivational etymology (ἀπό is in the lemma and the etymon, so that only the relationship between -φώλιος and φῆλος must be considered) starting from a rare adjective and relying on the familiar alternation η ~ ω, of which other examples are given. From the semantic point of view, the relationship between "vain" or "empty" and "deceitful" is fairly natural, as what is deceitful is vain