τρέπω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
(Lentz) τάρβος: τρισὶ παραγωγαῖς ὁ Ἡρωδιανὸς τοῦτο ὑπέβαλε· πρῶτον ἐκ τοῦ ταράσσω τάραβος καὶ συγκοπῇ τάρβος παρὰ τὸ ταράσσειν τὴν ψυχήν. δεύτερον ἐκ τοῦ τρέπω ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔτραπον τράπος καὶ τάρβος. οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι φεύγουσι. τρίτον ἐκ τοῦ τείρω τὸ καταπονῶ ὁ βʹ ἀόριστος ἔταρον, τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ β τάρβος καὶ ῥῆμα ταρβῶ «τάρβησάν τε» (Β 268) ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐφοβήθησαν
Translation (En)
Tarbos "terror": Herodian assumed three derivations for this word. Firstly, from tarassō "to trouble" comes *tarabos and through syncope tarbos, from the fact that it troubles the soul. Secondly, from trepō "to turn", second aorist etrapon, *trapos and tarbos, because those who fear flee. Thirdly, from teirō "to oppress", second aorist *etaron, *taros and through adjunction of [b], tarbos, and the verb tarbeō, ‘tarbēsan te’ (Il. 2.268) for "they were frightened"
Parallels
Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 746 (idem); Scholia in Aeschylum (scholia vetera), Septem 289f (idem), 289g (τάρβος σημαίνει τὸν φόβον· τρισσῶς δὲ λέγει ὁ Ἡρωδιανὸς (2, 241, 5–9) τοῦτο· ἐκ τοῦ τρέπω, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔτραπον, τράπος καὶ τάρβος· οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι φεύγουσι. ἐκ τοῦ τείρω τὸ καταπονῶ, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔταρον, τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ β τάρβος, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ταράσσω); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, tau 9a (τάρβος (Β 268): τρισὶ παραγωγαῖς ὁ Ἡρωδιανὸς (2, 241, 4) τοῦτο ὑπέλαβε· πρῶτον ἐκ τοῦ ταράσσω τάραβος καὶ συγκοπῇ τάρβος· δεύτερον ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ τρέπω ὁ ἀόριστος δεύτερος ἔταρπον τάρπος καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ π εἰς β τάρβος· οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι φεύγουσι· τρίτον· ἔστι τείρω, τὸ καταπονῶ, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔταρον, τάρος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ β τάρβος καὶ ῥῆμα ταρβῶ ταρβήσαντες); Etym. Gudianum, tau, p. 522 (idem) Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, tau 9b (τάρβος: ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρ{ρ}άσσω ἄρ{ρ}αβος, οὕτως ταράσσω τάραβος καὶ τάρβος. ἢ παρὰ τὸ τρέπω τάρπος, ἀντιθέσει τοῦ π εἰς β τάρβος. οἱ γὰρ εὐλαβούμενοι καὶ φεύγουσιν. ἢ παρὰ τὸ τείρω, ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ἔταρον, εἶτα, ὡς ἔμαθον μάθος, οὕτως ἔταρον τάρος καὶ ἐπενθέσει τοῦ β τάρβος)
Comment
This etymology is unanimously attributed to Herodian by our sources. Taking as its starting point the aorist ἔτραπον, it requires two formal manipulations, a metathesis and a change of [o] into [b]. From the semantic point of view, the assumed relationship is that the lemma is the cause of the etymon (terror makes you turn back, that is, flee), which is less satisfactory than the etymology by ταράσσω, older than Herodian (see τάρβος / ταράσσω)