δήμιος
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Ζημία, ἡ τοῦ κέρδους καὶ ὠφελείας μείωσις, ἡ τῶν ὄντων πρὸς τὸ ζῆν μείωσις. […] παρὰ τὴν ζέσιν τὴν γινομένην ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐκτείνειν τὰ ἐπαγόμενα, ἢ δημία τὶς οὖσα, ἡ πολιτική. ἡ τὴν ζωὴν μειοῦσα, τουτ’- ἔστι τὴν περιουσίαν. καὶ γὰρ ὁ ποιητὴς ζημίαν τὴν περιουσίαν λέγει. ἡ δὲ κατὰ ζωὴν φαγέειν μενοηκέα πόλλα (Od. 16.429)
Translation (En)
Zēmia "penalty", the lessening of profit and gain, that is, the lessening of what is necessary to life […]. From the heating that occurs in the heart in the process of paying the inflicted penalty. Or a public (dēmia) fine, being inflicted by the city. Or the one lessening life, that is, the material goods, and as a matter of fact Homer calls the goods zēmia: "and devour the many hearty goods he possessed" (Od. 16.429)
Parallels
Etym. Genuinum, zeta 36 (M. P. Funaioli, Museum Criticum XVIII, 1983) (Ἢ δημία τὶς οὖσα, ἡ πολιτική); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 26 (Ζημία: Ἡ τῶν ὄντων πρὸς τὸ ζῆν μείωσις, ἡ τοῦ κέρδους καὶ τῆς ὠφελείας ἄτη, ἡ τὰ πρὸς τὸ ζῆν μειοῦσα, ἡ τὴν ζωὴν μειοῦσα, τουτέστι τὴν περιουσίαν· παρὰ τὴν ζέσιν τὴν γινομένην ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐκτίνειν τὰ ἐπαγόμενα. Ἢ δημία τὶς οὖσα, ἡ πολιτική)
Comment
Formally simple etymology implying only one formal manipulation, the change of [d] into [z], of which Eustathius gives other examples (Comm. Il. 1, 235 Van der Valk: ὄζω ὀδμή, ζήμιος δήμιος, ὁ ζημιῶν τοὺς κολαζομένους, where in fact Eustathius derived δήμιος "executioner" from ζημιόω " to inflict a penalty"). From the semantic point of view, this seems to apply to the meaning "fine", because the fine inflicted in the name of the δῆμος goes to the public treasure.