ἀ- + χέω

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Sun, 07/04/2021 - 15:03

Word-form

ἦχος

Transliteration (Word)

ēkhos

English translation (word)

sound

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + kheō

English translation (etymon)

very + to pour

Author

Choeroboscus

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 144

Ed.

T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford, 1842

Quotation

Ἦχος παρὰ τὸ χέω, μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ Α, ἄχος, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Α εἰς Η, ἦχος

Translation (En)

Ēkhos ("sound"), from kheō ("to pour"), with the intensive a-, *akhos, and through change of the [a] into [ē], ēkhos

Comment

The sound is compared to a liquid poured into the air and spreading. This implies the passive meaning of χέω, although the form is quoted in the active. The only phoneme left from χέω is in fact the χ. The etymology was probably suggested by the Doric form ἆχος, with a long ᾱ: the initial alpha, allegedly the intensive prefix (a customary explanation for words with initial ἀ-) is then transformed into a η according to a correspondance with which Greek scholars were familiar. The form ἄχος meaning θόρυβος given by the Gudianum  (see Parallels) may be simply a mistake for Doric ἆχος

Parallels

Choeroboscus, ibid., p. 110 (Ἦχοι παρὰ τὸ χέω καὶ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ Α ἀχέω ἄχος καὶ ἦχος); Etym. Gudianum, eta, p. 252 (Ἦχος, παρὰ τὸ χέω, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ α ἀχέω ἆχος καὶ ἦχος. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἄχος, ὃ σημαίνει τὸν θόρυβον, τροπῇ τοῦ α εἰς η ἦχος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 440 (Ἦχος: Παρὰ τὸ χέω, μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιτατικοῦ α, ἄχος καὶ ἦχος, ἡ εἰς ἀέρα χεομένη φωνή· ἢ παρὰ τὸ αὔω· τὰ γὰρ ξηρὰ ἠχεῖ)

Modern etymology

Within Greek, belongs with ἠχή "sound", ἠχώ "echo", ἰάχω "to shout". Cognate with OEngl. swogan "sound", Lith. svagėti "to sound" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Ήχος is still used in Modern Greek to designate: 1. any perceptible sound, 2. each of the eight manners in which the ecclesiastical malodies are sang in Orthodox churches. Ηχο- is a very productive stem in MG and can be traced in compounds as ηχολήπτης

Entry By

Le Feuvre