λάβρος

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Fri, 08/27/2021 - 09:20

Word-form

λάβρακα

Transliteration (Word)

labrax

English translation (word)

basse

Transliteration (Etymon)

labrosunē

English translation (etymon)

greed

Author

Oppian

Century

2 AD

Source

Id.

Ref.

Halieutica 2.130

Ed.

E.W. Mayr, Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus, Harvard UP, 1928

Quotation

Καρῖδες […] ἄλκιμον ὤλεσαν ἰχθύν,/ λάβρακα, σφετέρῃσιν ἐπικλέα λαβροσύνῃσιν

Translation (En)

Prawns […] by their craft they destroy a valiant fish, even the labrax (“basse) named for its labrosunē (“gluttony”)

Comment

Descriptive etymology. The word is linked either to the noun (λαβροσύνη) or to the adjective (λάβρος, violent/greedy). An alternative etymon is βορά (food). This etymology might be already mentioned by Philoxenus (1 BC) according to Theodoridis who ascribes to him a definition appearing in Etym. Magnum (see parallels): λάβραξ· παρὰ τὸ λάβρως ἐσθίειν· ἀδηφάγον γάρ ἐστι τὸ ζῷον (fr. 534*). The word λάβρος itself derived from λάπτω ("lap greedily") according to Philoxenus (fr. 534*) : λάβρος· παρὰ τὸ λάπτω. οὕτω Φιλόξενος

Parallels

Athen. 7.310e (<λάβρακες>. οὗτοι, ὡς <Ἀριστοτέλης> ἱστορεῖ, μονήρεις εἰσὶ καὶ σαρκοφάγοι. γλῶσσαν δ' ἔχουσιν ὀστώδη καὶ προσπεφυκυῖαν, καρδίαν τρίγωνον ... ὠνομάσθη δ' ὁ ἰχθὺς παρὰτὴν λαβρότητα); Scholia in Aristophanem, Scholia in Equites 361a.1 Jones/Wilson (<ἀλλ' οὐ λάβρακας:> λάβραξ εἶδος ἰχθύος <λάβρου>, ἀφ' οὗ ποιεῖται τὴν προσηγορίαν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 354 (Ἔστιν οὖν παρὰ τὸ λάβρως ἐσθίειν· ἀδηφάγον γὰρ ἐστὶ τὸ ζῷον, ὡς ἱστορεῖ Ὀππιανὸς ἐν τοῖς Ἁλιευτικοῖς) ; Eustathius, Comm. Il. 3, p. 829.18-19 (τὸν Μιλήσιον λάβρακα, ὃν ἡ ἐν τῷ ἐσθίειν λαβρότης παράγει)

Bibliography

R. Strömberg, Studien zur Etymologie und Bildung der griechischen Fischnamen, 1943 : 34

Modern etymology

Same etymology (λάβρος) in Chantraine (1968, 610)

Persistence in Modern Greek

The form "λαβράκι", diminutive of "λάβραξ" (from ancient "λαβράκιον") is used in MG to denote the specific fish, but also metaphorically to designate a successful discovery (e.g., for a journalist: "έπιασε λαβράκι") (Triandafyllidis Dictionary of MG).

Entry By

Arnaud Zucker