θέρω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
ἄνθραξ παρὰ τὸ ἀναθέρω, τὸ θερμαίνω, ἀναθέραξ, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ ἄνθραξ. Ἄνθραξ δὲ λέγεται τὸ ἀπό τινος ὕλης μεταβληθὲν καὶ μεταποιηθὲν εἰς πυρὸς φύσιν· ἔχει δὲ ὁ ἄνθραξ φύσεις δύο, τὸ φωτιστικὸν καὶ καυστικὸν, ὡς τὸ “ὕδωρ διφῦα ἄνθρακα δέχεται, φωτιστικὸν μὲν τῶν δικαίων, καυστικὸν δὲ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν·” διφυὴς δὲ ἄνθραξ λέγεται ὁ Χριστὸς κατὰ ἀναγωγήν. Γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ θέρω τὸ θερμαίνω
Translation (En)
Anthrax "charcoal": from anatherō "to heat", *anatherax, and through syncope anthrax. Anthrax is used for something which, being of any matter, has been changed into a fiery matter. And the charcoal has two natures, the illuminating one and the burning one, as in the "the water receives the double-nature charcoal, illuminating righteous men and burning sinners": the double-nature charcoal is the Christ, spiritually. And it comes from therō "to heat"
Parallels
Etym. Genuinum, alpha 880 (Ἄνθραξ· τὸ ἐκκαυθὲν ξύλον καὶ ἔτι διαλαμπές. παρὰ τὸ ἄνθος ἄνθαξ, ὡς βῶλος βῶλαξ, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ, ἄνθραξ. Μεθόδιος. ἢ παρὰ τὸ θέρω θέραξ καὶ ἀναθέραξ, καὶ συγκοπῇ ἄνθραξ); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 147 (Ἄνθραξ· τὸ ἀπό τινος ὕλης μεταβληθὲν καὶ μεταποιηθὲν εἰς πυρὸς φύσιν. ἔχει δὲ ὁ ἄνθραξ φύσεις δύο, τὸ φωτιστικὸν καὶ τὸ καυστικόν, ὡς τὸ „ὕδωρ διφυᾶ ἄνθρακα δέχεται, ἤγουν φωτιστικὸν καὶ καυστικόν· φωτιστικὸν μὲν τῶν δικαίων, καυστικὸν δὲ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ ἀνόμων“. διφυὴς δὲ ἄνθραξ λέγεται ὁ Χριστὸς κατὰ ἀναγωγήν. γίνεται παρὰ τὸ θέρω, τὸ θερμαίνω, θέραξ καὶ μετὰ τῆς ἀνά προθέσεως ἀναθέραξ, καὶ συγκοπῇ ἄνθραξ); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 109 (Ἄνθραξ: Τὸ ἐκκαυθὲν ξύλον καὶ ἔτι διαλαμπές. Παρὰ τὸ ἄνθος, ἄνθαξ, ὡς βῶλος βῶλαξ· καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ρ, ἄνθραξ· καὶ τὸ ἀπό τινος ὕλης μεταβληθὲν καὶ μεταποιηθὲν εἰς πυρὸς φύσιν. Ἔχει δὲ ὁ ἄνθραξ φύσεις δύο, τὸ φωτιστικὸν καὶ τὸ καυστικὸν, ὡς τὸ ὕδωρ διφυᾶ ἄνθρακα δέχεται, ἤγουν φωτιστικὸν καὶ καυστικόν· φωτιστικὸν μὲν, τῶν δικαίων· καυστικὸν δὲ, τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν. Διφυὴς δὲ ἄνθραξ λέγεται ὁ Χριστὸς κατὰ ἀναγωγήν. Γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ θέρω τὸ θερμαίνω, θέραξ· καὶ μετὰ τῆς ἀνὰ προθέσεως, ἀναθέραξ· καὶ συγκοπῇ ἄνθραξ); Etym. Symeonis, vol. 1, p. 61 (ἄνθραξ· παρὰ τὸ θέρω θέραξ καὶ † ἀνθέραξ καὶ συγκοπῇ ἄνθραξ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 173 (Ἄνθραξ. πῦρ γεῶδες μετὰ τὴν τῆς φλογὸς πάροδον τῇ παχυτέρᾳ καὶ γεωδεστέρᾳ ὕλῃ ἐναπομεῖναν· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ παρελθεῖν τὸ ἀνθηρὸν τῆς φλογὸς ἡ περὶ τὴν παχεῖαν ὕλην τοῦ πυρὸς ὁμιλία ἄνθρακες ὀνομάζονται. παρὰ τὸ θέρω, τὸ θερμαίνω, θέραξ, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ ἄνθραξ)
Comment
The verb *ἀναθέρω is an ad hoc invention meant to account for the ἀν-. As charcoal is indeed burning and obtained by means of burning wood, the semantic relationship between the lemma and the etymon is one of cause to consequence. Two syncopes are required to go from *ἀναθέρω to ἄνθραξ