ὀρέγω + χείρ

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ὀρχήσασθαι

Transliteration (Word)

orkheomai

English translation (word)

to dance

Transliteration (Etymon)

oregō + cheire

English translation (etymon)

to stretch + hand

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, omicron, p. 114

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Ὀρχήσασθαι. παρὰ τὸ ὀρέγειν καὶ ἐκτείνειν τὰς χεῖρας. ἢ παρὰ τοὺς ὄρχους, ἐν οἷς ἐχόρευον, καὶ ὁ χορὸς, ὀρχός τις ἐστὶ, κατὰ μετάθεσιν στοιχείου

Translation (En)

Orkhēsasthai "to dance": from "to stretch" (oregein) and extend the hands (kheiras). Or from the rows in which they were dancing – and the choir (khoros) is an *orkhos "dance", as it were, through metathesis of the letter

Comment

Descriptive etymology: dancers often join hands, therefore stretch their arms/hands. The etymology follows the acrophonic principle, only the beginning of each element is kept in the compound, [or] for ὀρέγω, [khe] for χείρ, but the Etym. Magnum provides a different formal hypothesis, assuming the χ of ὀρχέομαι arose through a modification of the [g] in ὀρέγω and is not the initial consonant of χείρ (see Parallels)

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, omicron, p. 437 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 634 (Ὀρχηστής: Τὴν τάξιν τῆς φυτείας ὀρχοὺς εἰώθασι λέγειν οἱ ποιηταί· καὶ οἱ ὀρχησταὶ ἐντεῦθεν, ὅτι κατὰ τὴν τῶν βοτρύων συγκομιδὴν ἐν τοῖς τόποις τούτοις, ἐπειδὰν ἔτυχον τρυγῶντες, ἀπήρχοντο τῷ θεῷ χορεύοντες, καθάπερ κωμῳδοί· ἐξ οὗ καὶ τὸ ὀρχῶ ὀρχήσω. Οἱ δὲ, παρὰ τὸ ὀρέγειν καὶ ἐκτείνειν τὰς χεῖρας, κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ γ εἰς χ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, omicron, p. 1471-2 (idem)

Bibliography

On the relationship between ὀρχέομαι "to dance" (in a row) and ὄρχος "row", see Le Feuvre, Ὅμηρος δύσγνωστος. Réinterprétations de termes homériques à date archaïque et classique, Geneva, Droz, 2015, p. 520

Modern etymology

The etymology is disputed. Watkins related it to a verb meaning "to mount (sexually)" (Beekes, EDG). Others relate it to ἔρχομαι (Frisk, GEW), or to ὄρχος (Le Feuvre 2015)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek still has the derivatives όρχηση, ορχήστρα, but the verb is no longer used

Entry By

Le Feuvre