θείνω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
τὸ δὲ θίς καὶ ῥίς ὁ Ἀρίσταρχος διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου ἀξιοῖ γράφεσθαι καὶ ἀκολουθῶν τῇ ἐτυμολογίᾳ ἔλεγεν, ὅτι τὸ θείς παρὰ τὸ θείνεσθαί ἐστι, καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῷ αἰγιαλῷ θείνονται καὶ τύπτονται τὰ κύματα· ἢ παρὰ τὸ θέειν, καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῷ αἰγιαλῷ τρέχει τὰ κύματα. τὸ δὲ ῥ<ε>ίς παρὰ τὸ ῥεῖν γέγονε, καὶ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς ῥινός ῥέουσι καὶ κατέρχονται τὰ περιττώματα τῆς κεφαλῆς. ἀκολουθῶν οὖν ταύτῃ τῇ ἐτυμολογίᾳ εἴρηκεν αὐτὰ διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου. ἡ δὲ παράδοσις οἶδεν αὐτὰ διὰ τοῦ ι
Translation (En)
Aristarchus thinks the words thīs "heap (of sand)" and rhīs "nose" should be spelled with a <diphthong> [ei], and he said that, in agreement with etymology, theis comes from theinesthai "to be stricken", because the waves strike and beat on the shore, or from theein "to run", because the waves run onto the shore. And rhis "nose" comes from the verb "to flow" (rheîn), because through the nose flow and are evacuated all the superfluous <liquids> of the head. According to this etymology, then, he said that they should be spelled with [ei]. But the tradition knows only the form with [i]
Parallels
Apollonius Soph., Lexicon hom., Bekker p. 86 (θεῖνα τὸν αἰγιαλόν, ἀπὸ τοῦ θείνεσθαι τοῖς κύμασιν, ὅ ἐστι τύπτεσθαι. κατὰ δὴ τοῦτον τὸν λόγον γράφοι τις ἂν καὶ τὴν ῥῖνα διὰ τοῦ ε καὶ ι· εἴρηται γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ δι’ αὐτῆς ῥεῖν τὴν φυσικὴν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς τῶν ὑγρῶν ἐπίρρυσιν· ἀλλ’ οὐ γράφεται τῷ ὀνοματικὸν εἶναι. τὸ δὲ “πολὺς δ’ ἀμφ’ ὀστεόφιν κεῖτο θὶς ἀνδρῶν” σημαίνει τὴν σορὸν τῶν ὀστέων); D Schol. Il. 1.34 (Παρὰ θῖνα. Παρὰ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν τῆς θαλάσσης. ὃς οὕτω κέκληται ἀπὸ τοῦ θείνεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι τύπτεσθαι τῇ προσρήξει τῶν κυμάτων); D Schol. Il. 17.430 (Θείνων. Τύπτων, ὅθεν καὶ θὶς ὁ αἰγιαλὸς, παρ’ ὅσον τύπτεται ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων); Herodian, Peri orthographias, Lentz III/2, p. 431 (ex Etym. Gudianum) (τὸ δὲ θίς καὶ ῥίς ὁ Ἀρίσταρχος διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου ἀξιοῖ γράφεσθαι καὶ ἀκολουθῶν τῇ ἐτυμολογίᾳ ἔλεγεν, ὅτι τὸ θείς παρὰ τὸ θείνεσθαί ἐστι· καὶ γὰρ ἐν αἰγιαλῷ θείνονται καὶ τύπτονται τὰ κύματα); Hesychius, Lexicon, theta 591 (θίν· ὁ αἰγιαλός, ἀπὸ τοῦ θείνεσθαι. καὶ θῖν’ ἁλὸς (Α 316). πολλάκις τὸ αὐτὸ λέγει. καὶ ἀρσενικῶς Ὅμηρος ὁ θίν, καὶ ὁ σωρός· ‘πολὺς δ’ ἀμφ’ ὀστεόφιν θίς’ (μ 45) καὶ ἄμμος); Epimerismi homerici in Iliadem 1.34d1 (θῖνα: παρὰ τὸ θείνω, τὸ τύπτω), 34d2 (θῖνα: παρὰ τὸ θείνεσθαι, τὸ σημαῖνον τὸ τύπτεσθαι); Etym. Gudianum, theta, p. 263 (Θῖνα, τὸν εὔδιον καὶ ἥσυχον αἰγιαλὸν, παρὰ τὸ θείνω τὸ τύπτω, εἰς ὃν ἐγκρούουσι τὰ κύματα); ibid., pi, p. 452 (Παρὰ θῖνα, παρὰ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν τῆς θαλάσσης, ὃς οὕτω κέκληται, ἀπὸ τοῦ θείνεσθαι, ὅ ἐστι τύπτεσθαι τῇ προσρήξει τῶν κυμάτων); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1, 170 (ὡς δέ, καθὰ ῥηγμὶν ἐκ τοῦ ῥήσσειν, οὕτω καὶ θὶν θινὸς θηλυκῶς τὰ πολλὰ ὁ αἰγιαλὸς λέγεται, περὶ ὃν ῥήσσονται καὶ θείνουσιν, ὅ ἐστι τύπτουσι τὰ κύματα πλήττοντα—διὸ καὶ «παραπλῆγες ἀκταί» λέγονται—καὶ ὅτι τὸ θίν θινός ὡς δικατάληκτον ἔχει ἀντὶ διφθόγγου μόνον τὸ δίχρονον, ἀγραμματίκευτός ἐστιν ὁ μὴ εἰδώς]); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 450 (Θίς: Θηλυκῶς λέγεται ὁ αἰγιαλός· ‘Ἐκβάντες ἐπὶ θῖνα’. Παρὰ τὸ θέω, τὸ τρέχω· ἐν γὰρ τῷ αἰγιαλῷ θέουσι καὶ τρέχουσι τὰ κύματα. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ θένω, τὸ τύπτω· ἐν γὰρ τῷ αἰγιαλῷ θένονται καὶ τύπτονται τὰ κύματα· εἰς ὃν ἐγκρούουσι τὰ κύματα. Ἀρσενικῶς δὲ σημαίνει τὸν σωρόν· καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ θῶ, ὡς τὸ, ‘πολὺς δ’ ἀμφ’ ὀστεόφιν θίς’. Ὅ ἐστι σωρός); Tzetzes, Exegesis in Homeri Iliadem 1.34 (παρὰ θῖνα· πρὸς τὸν θῖνα, ὃς γίνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ θείνω τὸ τύπτω, γράφεται δὲ διὰ τοῦ ι, ἐπεὶ πολλά εἰσιν ὀνόματα ἀπὸ ῥημάτων συγκείμενα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, theta, p. 1045 (Θίς. ὁ αἰγιαλός. θηλυκόν. παρὰ τὸ θέω, τὸ τρέχω. ἐν γὰρ τῷ αἰγιαλῷ θέουσι καὶ τρέχουσι [τὰ κύματα.] ἢ παρὰ τὸ θένω, τὸ τύπτω, γίνεται θίς. σημαίνει καὶ τὸν σωρὸν ἀρσενικῶς. παρὰ τὸ θῶ, τὸ τιθῶ, θίς); Geneva Scholia Iliadem 17.430 ([θῖνα] αἰγιαλὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θείνεσθαι, <τουτέστ>ι τύπτεσθαι τῇ προσρήξει <τῶν> κυμάτων); Schol. in Oppianum, Hal. 1.107 (γίνεται δ’ ἐκ τοῦ θείνω τὸ τύπτω)
Comment
This is one of the rare etymologies by Aristarchus, which is parallel with that of ῥίς (see ῥίς / ῥέω). The derivation from θείνω accounts for the [n] of the stem θῑν- (θῖνα, θῑνός, θῑνί), which remains unaccounted for in competing etymologies. The etymology implies that [ei] and [i] were pronounced alike at the time. This claim of Aristarchus relies on the fact that θῑ́ς has a long [ī], metrically equivalent to a diphthong, and could be backed by several cases where tradition hesitates between a spelling ει and a spelling ι, as for τίνυμαι / τείνυμαι "to (make) pay", or by dialectal variants like Attic ἱμάτιον / Ionic εἷμα "cloth, coat", Attic χίλιοι / Ionic χείλιοι "thousand", all with a long [ī]: from the latter cases Aristarchus may have deduced that the authentic Ionic form must have had ει, too. Eustathius (see Parallels) backs this etymology through an etymological parallel (ῥηγμίς "seashore" from ῥήγνυμι "to break"). Following that, several lexicographers give the lemma as θειν- (Apollonius, see Parallels; and Hesychius has in theta 191 *θεῖνες· οἱ σωροί, ἤτοι βουνοὶ τῆς ψάμμου, which follows in alphabetical order θείνει, and in alpha 193 *θεινῶν· αἰγιαλῶν, which follows in alphabetical order θεινομένην)