ἀγαστός
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
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Ed.
Quotation
ἀγαθός: παρὰ τὸ ἀγῶ τὸ θαυμάζω, οὗ παραγωγὸν ἄγημι, ὅθεν ἄγαμαι παθητικόν· παρὰ δὲ τὸ ἀγῶ ἀγάζω γίνεται, ὡς σκεδῶ σκεδάζω· ἀφ’ οὗ ὄνομα ῥηματικὸν ἀγαστός καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ σ καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ τ εἰς θ ἀγαθός ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ κρεμῶ κρεμάστρα κρεμάθρα. οὕτως Ἡρωδιανός.
Translation (En)
Agathos ("good") stems from agō, “to admire”, with the derivative *agēmi, giving the passive form agamai. From agō comes agazō (“to exalt overmuch”), like skedazō "to scatter" comes from skedō. From the verbal stem comes the word agastos (“admirable”), and by suppression of sigma and change of tau into theta agathos ("good”), as for kremō ("to hang up") we have kremastra and kremathra (rope hung from a hook)
Parallels
Theodosius, Excerpta ex libris Herodiani technici 19-21 Hilgard (οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ ἀγαθόν σύνθετον ἀλλ’ ἁπλοῦν· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ ἄγαν γέγονεν ἀγάζω τὸ θαυμάζω, κα ἐκεῖθεν ἀγαστός καὶ ἀγαθός, οἱονεὶ θαυμαστός) ; Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Ps., p. 106, 11 Gaisford (ἈΓΑΘᾺ, παρὰ τὸ ἀγάθω τὸ θαυμάζω, ἀγαστὸς καὶ ἀγαθός) ; Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 6 De Stefani (<Ἀγαθός>· ἐπίθετόν ἐστιν ἁπλοῦν καὶ σύνθετον. οἱ μὲν ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ σκεδῶ ποιοῦσι σκεδάζω, οὕτως καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγῶ ἀγάζω ἀγαστός καὶ ἀγαθός <ἀποβολῇ τοῦ <σ> καὶ> τροπῇ τοῦ <τ> εἰς <θ>· <οἱ γὰρ Ἀττικοὶ τρέπουσι τὸ <τ> εἰς <θ>>, τὸ γὰρ κρεμάστρα κρεμάθρα λέγουσιν); Epimerismi Homerici ordine alphabetico traditi alpha 229 (ἀγαθός: ἐπίθετόν ἐστιν ἁπλοῦν καὶ σύνθετον. οἱ μὲν ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ σκεδῶ ποιοῦσι σκεδάζω, οὕτως καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγῶ ἀγάζω ἀγαστός καὶ ἀγαθός τροπῇ τοῦ <σ>τ εἰς θ• οἱ γὰρ Ἀττικοὶ τρέπουσι τὸ <σ>τ εἰς τὸ θ• τὸ γὰρ κρεμάστρα κρεμάθρα λέγουσιν); Suda, alpha 120 (<Ἀγαθός:> παρὰ τὸ ἄγημι, ἄγαμαι, ἀγαστὸς καὶ ἀγαθός); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 5.20 (<Ἀγαθός>: […] ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγάζω τὸ θαυμάζω· ὁ μέλλων, ἀγάσω· ὁ παρακείμενος, ἤγακα· ὁ παθητικὸς, ἤγασμαι ἤγασαι ἤγασται, ἀγαστός· καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ σ, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ τ εἰς θ, ἀγαθός· ὡς κρεμάστρα κρεμάθρα. Ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἄγαμαι); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 2, 116 Van der Valk, 34-35 (καὶ κατὰ τὸ, ἀγάζω ἀγαστὸς, καὶ ἀπελεύσει τοῦ σίγμα καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ <τ> εἰς θῆτα ἀγαθόν); Etym. Symeonis, 1.16, 26-31 (<ἀγαθός>· παρὰ τὸ ἀγάζω, τὸ θαυμάζω, ὁ μέλλων ἀγάσω, ὁ παρακείμενος ἤγακα, ὁ παθητικὸς ἤγασμαι ἤγασαι ἤγασται καὶ ἀγαστός, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ <σ> καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ <τ> εἰς <θ> ἀγαθός, ὡς κρεμάστρα κρεμάθρα. τὸ δὲ ἀγάζω παρὰ τὸ ἀγῶ· <καὶ> ὡς σκεδῶ σκεδάζω, οὕτως ἀγῶ ἀγάζω. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἀγῶ παράγωγον ἄγημι, οὗ τὸ παθητικὸν ἄγαμαι. οὕτως Ὠρίων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 12, 11-18 (<Ἀγαθός>. […] ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγάζω, τὸ θαυμάζω. ὁ μέλλων ἀγάσω, ὁ παρακείμενος ἤγακα, ἤγασμαι, ἤγασται, ἀγαστὸς, ἀποβολῇ τοῦ <ς> καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ <τ> εἰς <θ>, ἀγαθός).
Comment
ἄγαθος is given as a derivative (if not a synonym) of ἀγαστός, verbal adjective of ἀγάζω (see also Etym. Magnum in Parallels). The verb is probably regarded here as as a frequentative variant of ἀγάω (vel ἄγαμαι). The etymon ἀγάζω is itself derived from ἄγαν (very much) (see Theodosius in Parallels). There is an alternative derivation from the future ἀγῶ of ἀγάζω “exalt overmuch” (see also Etym. Gudianum)