ῥᾴδιος + χέω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

βραχύς

Transliteration (Word)

brakhus

English translation (word)

short

Transliteration (Etymon)

րհաիդիոս + kheō

English translation (etymon)

եասյ + to pour

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, beta, p. 286

Ed.

E. de Stefani, Etymologicum Gudianum 1 , Leipzig 1909

Quotation

Βραχύς· σημαίνει τὸν μικρόν· γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ ῥᾷον χεῖσθαι

Translation (En)

Brakhus "short" means "small"; it comes from "to be poured" (kheisthai) too easily (rhâon)

Comment

The word is parsed as a compound of the verb χέω: comparison with the verbal adjective χυτός "poured" accounts for the second syllable [khu]. The first syllable is explained through the comparative of the adjective ῥᾴδιος, here with intensive value "too easily", implying that what is short or small can be easily destroyed. The fact that the alpha is long in ῥᾶον whereas it is short in βραχύς is not commented upon and could suggest that the etymology dates back to a time when distinctive vowel quantity was lost. A more complete formulation is found in the Scholia Marciana to the Ars grammatica of Dionysius Thrax (see Parallels), which is certainly older than the formulation in the Etym. Gudianum. The initial [b] is explained as an Aeolicism, as Alcaeus has βρᾶ "easily" for Ionic ῥῆα and βραδίως for Attic ῥᾳδίως (mentioned in Herodian's Peri orthographias, Lentz III/2, p. 575, and repeated in Hesychius, Eustathius and the Byzantine Etymologica): this characteristic dialectal feature, mentioned in the initial formulation, was dropped by the compiler of the Etym. Gudianum or by his source

Parallels

Commentaria in Dionysii Thracis Artem grammaticam, Scholia Marciana p. 295 (Πόθεν βραχεῖα; Ἀπὸ τοῦ βραχύς· τοῦτο ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥᾷον, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ εὔκολον, καὶ τοῦ χέω κατὰ πλεονασμὸν Αἰολικὸν τοῦ β, ὅτι οἱ Αἰολεῖς τὸ ῥᾷον βρᾷον λέγουσι καὶ τὸ ῥάκος βράκος "where does βραχεῖα come from? From βραχύς, and the latter comes from ῥᾷον, which refers to what is easy, and χέω, through Aeolic addition of [b], because Aeolians say βρᾷον for ῥᾷον, and βράκος for ῥάκος").

Modern etymology

Βραχύς is an old adjective inherited from PIE *mr̥ghu- "short", also found in Lat. brevis, Av. mǝrǝzu- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Βραχύς survives in Modern Greek to designate 1. the short vowels, 2. 'brief', 3. 'small'. There also exists βραχυ- in compounds such as "βραχύβιος", "βραχυκύκλωμα" etc. (Triandafyllidis Dict. of MG)

Entry By

Le Feuvre