κέλλω + νη-

Validation

Yes

Word-form

χελώνη

Transliteration (Word)

khelōnē

English translation (word)

turtle

Transliteration (Etymon)

kellō

English translation (etymon)

to drive on

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, khi p. 164

Ed.

F.W.Sturz, Etymologicum Graecae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita, Leipzig: Weigel, 1818

Quotation

Χελώνη. κατὰ στέρησιν τοῦ κέλλειν, ὅ ἐστι κινεῖσθαι. τὸ γὰρ ν στερητικόν. νωθὲς δὲ τὸ ζῶον.

Translation (En)

Khelōnē "turtle", from the privation of kellein, which means "to move" (kineîsthai), because the n- is the privative particle: the animal is slow.

Comment

The word is parsed as a compound including the privative particle νη- at the end of the word instead of the beginning: this is explained in the Etym. Gudianum (see Parallels). It is a descriptive etymology: the animal's name is supposedly derived from one of its characteristic features, the lack of speed. However, κέλλω does not mean "to move", but "to push forward, to drive on, to drive ashore", transitive, and secondarily "to come ashore" (speaking about a boat or a crew), intransitive: this etymology relies on an intransitive meaning “to move (oneself)" which does not match the attested intransitive meaning of κέλλω: such cases show that Greek etymologists did not pay attention to diathesis as a discriminating feature. The etymology implies also a phonetic manipulation, a secondary aspiration of the initial velar stop [k] > [kh], which is not commented upon.

Parallels

bT Scholion in Il. 19.411 (νωχελία παρὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι κέλλειν· ὅθεν καὶ χελώνη λέγεται); Etym. Gudianum, lambda p. 368, s.v. λήμη (ὁμοίως τῷ χελώνη, ὅπερ γέγονε παρὰ τὸ κέλω ῥῆμα, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ τρέχω καὶ τὸ νη στερητικὸν μόριον); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 565 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, chi p. 563 (Χελώνη, κατὰ στέρησιν τοῦ κέλλειν ὅ ἐστι κινεῖσθαι· τὸ γὰρ νω (sic) στερητικὸν, νωθεὺς γὰρ τὸ ζῶον); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, gamma p. 296 (τὰ στερητικὰ καὶ τὰ ἐπιτατικὰ πάντα ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ θέλουσι τίθεσθαι, πλὴν τοῦ γαλήνη, χελώνη,  σελήνη· χελώνη δὲ παρὰ τὸ τρέχω καὶ τοῦ νη στερητικοῦ, ἡ ἐστερημένη τοῦ τρέχειν)

Modern etymology

Χελώνη, Doric χελῡ́νᾱ, and χέλυς "turtle" have an exact match in Slavic and must be inherited. A connection with the root *ghelh3- meaning "yellow-green" has been suggested (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Modern Greek has χελώνα "turtle". Χελώνη is still used as a learned word referring to 1. a military formation, 2. a kind of a siege engine, 3. antique Greek coins bearing a stamp in the shape of a turtle (e.g. in Aegina) (Triandafyllidis Dict. of MG).

Entry By

Le Feuvre