καλέω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
κλῆρος· κλῶ ἐστι ῥῆμα μονοσύλλαβον, ὅπερ γέγονεν ἀπὸ τοῦ καλῶ, οὗ μέλλων κλήσω· ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα κλῆρος· ὁ καλῶν ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν τὸν λαχόντα
Translation (En)
Klēros "lot": klô is a monosyllabic verb, which comes from kalô "to call", the future of which is klēsō; the verbal noun is klēros, that which calls to itself the one who obtains it
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum, kappa p. 84 (Κλῆρος. κλῶ ἐστὶ ῥῆμα μονοσύλλαβον, ἀπὸ τοῦ καλῶ συγκοπέν· οὗ μέλλων κλήσω. ὄνομα κλῆρος· ὁ καλῶν ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν τὸν λαχόντα. ὁ δὲ Ἡρωδιανὸς ἐν Ἐπιμερισμοῖς παρὰ τὸ κᾶλον τὸ ξύλον· ἐπεὶ ἐν ξύλοις ἐχαράττοντο οἱ κλῆροι); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, kappa 59 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, kappa p. 327 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 519 (idem); Theognostus, Canones sive De orthographia 471 (Κλῆρος παρὰ τὸ καλῶ κλῶ, κλήσω, κλῆρος διὰ τοῦ η· τὰ γοῦν παρ’ αὐτὸ συγκείμενα διὰ τῆς αὐτῆς πρόεισι γραφῆς· οἷον, ναύκληρος· ἄκληρος· ἐπίκληρο); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 91 (Τὸ κλῆρος πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ καλέσω, καλῆρος, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ κλῆρος) Etym. Gudianum, kappa p. 329 (Κλῶ, σημαίνει ἓξ, τὸ καλῶ ἐξ οὗ καὶ κλῆρος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 516 (idem); ; Eustathius, Comm. Il. 1.658 (κλῆρος δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ τέλους τῆς κινήσεως παρὰ τὸ κλῶ, τὸ καλῶ, δι’ οὗ ἐκπηδήσαντος καλεῖταί τις εἰς ἔργον, ἢ μᾶλλον ἀπὸ τοῦ κᾶλον, τὸ ξύλον, κατὰ Ἡρωδιανόν, ὡς ξύλων μάλιστα πάλλεσθαι διδομένων ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις. χρῆσις δὲ τοῦ ῥηθέντος πάλλειν καὶ τοῦ κατ’ αὐτὸν κλήρου); ibid. 2.435 (Κλῆρος δὲ λέγεται νῦν μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ καλεῖν τινα εἰς ἔριν πολέμου, ἄλλως δὲ ἁπλῶς ἐν τῷ καθόλου ἀπὸ τοῦ καλεῖν τινα εἰς προκείμενον ἔργον ἢ πρᾶγμα. ὡς δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ κάλου, ὅ ἐστι ξύλου, παράγεσθαι ὁ κλῆρος λέγεται, προγέγραπται καὶ αὐτό)
Comment
This etymology starts, as often, from an inflected form, here the future of the verb καλέω, κλήσω, which provides the syllable κλη-. This could have been done without resorting to the monosyllabic ghost-form *κλῶ, allegedly from καλῶ through syncope, but this is the heart of Philoxenus' doctrine, which seeks to derive each word from a monosyllabic verb. This is a functional etymology: the lot is named after its function, which is to designate the beneficiary (or the victim) by calling his name. It may rely on the usual phrase ἐπὶ τὸν κλῆρον καλεῖσθαι