ἵστημι

Validation

Yes

Word-form

ἄστυ

Transliteration (Word)

astu

English translation (word)

town

Transliteration (Etymon)

histēmi

English translation (etymon)

to set up

Author

Philochorus

Century

4-3 BC

Reference

Jacoby fr. 3b, 328, F, 2a

Edition

F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (FGrH) #328, Leiden: Brill, 1923-1958

Source

Stephanus of Byzantium

Ref.

Ethnica (epitome) p. 139

Ed.

A. Meineke, Stephan von Byzanz. Ethnika, Berlin: Reimer, 1849

Quotation

ἄστυ· ἡ κοινῶς πόλις. διαφέρει δέ, ὅτι τὸ μὲν κτίσμα δηλοῖ, ἡ δὲ πόλις καὶ τοὺς πολίτας. ἐκλήθη δὲ ἄστυ, ὡς Φιλόχορος [ι]α Ἀτθίδος, διὰ τὸ πρότερον νομάδας καὶ σποράδην ζῶντας τότε συνελθεῖν καὶ στῆναι ἐκ τῆς πλάνης εἰς τὰς κοινὰς οἰκήσεις, ὅθεν οὐ μετανεστήκασιν.

Translation (En)

Astu "town": it is the city in general, but it differs from polis "city" because astu refers to the construction, whereas polis includes the citizens. It was called astu, as Philochorus says in the first book of his Attica, because people who previously were nomads and scattered at that time came together and set up there, stopping wandering to live together, from where they did not move afterwards.

Comment

This etymology is formally based on the phonetic similarity of the sequence [st] in ἄστυ and στῆναι. It is likely that the word is parsed as a compound with "intensive" ἀ- + στῆναι, but this is not explicit in Stephanus' formulation. From the semantic point of view, the explanation relies on the notion of synoecism which was well known to Greek historians and to which they attributed the birth of Athens in particular

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, p. 160 (same quotation as in Stephanus); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 222 (idem)

Modern etymology

Unknown. The old comparison with Vedic vastu- "dwelling place" must be abandoned (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Άστυ is still used in MG meaning 'city', while "κλεινόν 'άστυ" is Athens. It also is the first compound in words such as αστυνομία, αστυφιλία, while the derivative αστείος means "funny", as something said in the "city". (Triandafyllidis, Dict. of MG).

Entry By

Le Feuvre