δεσπόζω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

δεσπότης

Transliteration (Word)

despotēs

English translation (word)

lord, master

Transliteration (Etymon)

despozō

English translation (etymon)

to rule, to be master

Author

Herodian

Century

2 AD

Source

Etym. Gudianum

Ref.

Peri pathôn, Lentz III/2, p. 300

Ed.

A. Lentz, Grammatici Græci. Vol. III/1 et III/2 : Herodiani technici reliquiae. Leipzig, 1867-1870

Quotation

Δεσπότης· παρὰ τὸ δεσπόζω ὁ μέλλων δεσπόσω, δεδέσποκα, δεδέσποσμαι, τὸ τρίτον δεδέσποσται καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ δεσποστής, καὶ τῇ ἐλλείψει τοῦ ς ἀνεβιβάσθη ὁ τόνος

Translation (En)

The word "master" (despotēs) is from despozō "to be master", future desposō, ‹perfect› dedespoka, ‹passive› dedesposmai, third person dedespostai, and from it *despostēs, and the stress was retracted because of the dropping of the [s]

Comment

This etymology starts from a verbal form, which actually is a derivative of δεσπότης and not its basis. As often in such cases, the word is derived, not from the present stem, but from an aspecto-temporal stem which matches most closely the form to be explained, in that case the passive perfect 3sg δεδέσποσται. This inflected form, with the 3sg middle ending -ται, provides another inflected form, the Nom.pl. *(δε)δεσποσταί, which happens to have an ending homophonous with that of the middle 3sg: the model (implicit) are usual pairs like πεποίηται / ποιηταί, δεδίκασται / δικασταί. From this form one obtains δεσπότης through a phonetic manipulation, the dropping of [s]. Agent nouns in -τής are regularly end-stressed, so that the seemingly abnormal non final stress of δεσπότης (in that etymology) had to be accounted for: it was linked with the dropping of [s]. The loss of reduplication implied by this etymology is not commented, because it was clear enough that reduplication was a verbal feature and not a nominal one (see the pairs πεποίηται / ποιητής, δεδίκασται / δικαστής)

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 258 (id.)

Modern etymology

Δεσπότης is a compound, or rather a pseudo-compound resulting from the univerbation of an old syntagm *dems poti- "house-lord", inherited from PIE (Ved. dámpati-) (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Δεσπότης exists as the name of a historical reality (the head of a region in Byzantine Greece) and a religious word. The derivative δεσποτικός "despotic" still exists

Entry By

Le Feuvre