καπύω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Κάπη. εἴρηται ἡ καταπνεομένη ὑπὸ τοῦ ἄσθματος τῶν ἵππων
Translation (En)
Kapē "crib". Is so named that which is hollowed out by the breathing of the horses
Parallels
Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 83 (καὶ γίνεται δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ κάπη φάτνη, παρὰ τὸ κάπτειν, ὅ ἐστιν ἐσθίειν· φησὶ γὰρ Ἀριστοφάνης Ἱππεῦσι, ‘Καπαῖον ἤτοι Φάλτον Διά’. ἢ παρὰ τὸ κάπος, ὅ ἐστι πνεῦμα, ὡς ἐν τῷ, ‘ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπυσεν’· (Il. 10.467) ἢ διὰ τοῦ καταπνέεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄσθματος τὸν ἵππον· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐσκάφθαι καὶ κεκοιλάνθαι); Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 297 (Κάπη, ἡ φάτνη, παρὰ τὸ κάπτειν, ὅ ἐστιν ἐσθίειν, γέγονε κάπτη καὶ κάπη, ἢ παρὰ τὸ κάπος κάπη. κάπος δέ ἐστι τὸ πνεῦμα ἐν τῷ, ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπησεν· ἢ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀσθμάτων τῶν ἵππων καταπνεόμενον· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐκάφθαι κοιλάνθαι); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 2, p. 174 (Τοῦ δὲ κεκαφηότα, ὅ ἐστιν ἐκπεπνευκότα, πρόεστι τὸ κάπτω ἢ κάπω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ κῆπος καὶ κάπη, ἡ καταπνεομένη τοῖς περὶ αὐτὴν ἀλόγοις. Ἐκεῖθεν παρακείμενος κέκαφα, ὃς ἀναβὰς εἰς ἐνεστῶτα γίνεται καφῶ καφήσω, οὗ μετοχὴ Ἰωνικὴ διὰ τοῦ η κεκαφηώς, ὃ ἀντίθετόν ἐστι πρὸς τὸ ἀμπνύνθη); ibid., vol. 4, p. 655 (Ἀποκαπύσαι δὲ ψυχὴν τὸ ἀποπνεῦσαι. κάφος γάρ, φασί, τὸ πνεῦμα, ἐξ οὗ τὸ «κεκαφηότα θυμόν». τὸ δ’ αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ κάπος, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὁ κῆπος, ὡς ἀλλαχοῦ εἴρηται. ἐξ αὐτοῦ δὲ καὶ κάπη ἡ καταπνεομένη ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων φάτνη. αὐτὴ δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ κάπτω δοκεῖ γίνεσθαι. ἀπ’ αὐτῆς δὲ παυσικάπη κατὰ Αἴλιον Διονύσιον); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 1, p. 231 (τοῦτο γὰρ δηλοῖ ὡς καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ἐλέχθη, τὸ, κεκαφηότα θυμόν. καφῶ γὰρ καφήσω, τὸ ἐκπνέω. ἐκ τοῦ κάμπτω κάψω κέκαφα. ὅθεν καὶ κάπη ὡς προεῤῥέθη, ἡ φάτνη. καὶ κάφος, τὸ πνεῦμα. ἐξ οὗ καὶ κῆπος, ὁ ὑπὸ ἀνέμων φασὶ καταπνεόμενος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 489 (Κάπη: Ἡ φάτνη· παρὰ τὸ κάπτειν (ὅ ἐστιν ἐσθίειν) ἱσταμένους τοὺς ἵππους ἐν αὐταῖς. Ἰλιάδος θʹ, ‘δῆσε δ’ ἐπ’ ἀμβροσίῃσι κάπῃσι’. Γίνεται κάπτη καὶ κάπη. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ κάπος, κάπη· κάπος δέ ἐστι τὸ πνεῦμα· καὶ Ὅμηρος, ‘ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπυσσεν’, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐξέπνευσε· τουτέστιν ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀσθμάτων καταπνεομένη τῶν ἵππων. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐσκάφθαι καὶ κεκοιλάνθαι); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1154 (Κάπη. ἡ φάτνη. παρὰ τὸ κάπτειν, τὸ ἐσθίειν, γέγονε κάπτη καὶ κάπη. [ἢ παρὰ τὸ κάπος, κάπη.] κάπος δέ ἐστι τὸ πνεῦμα. ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀσθμάτων τῶν ἵππων καταπνεομένη. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἐσκάφθαι καὶ κοιλάνθαι); Schol. Od. 4.40e Pontani (κάπῃσι] ἀπὸ τοῦ “κάπω” ῥήματος τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ πνέω γίνεται ὄνομα “κάπη” ἡ φάτνη, ἐν ᾗ ἀναπνέουσι καὶ ἀναπαύονται τὰ ζῷα); Schol. Oppianum, Hal. 3.114 (κεκαφηότα καθίσταται οὕτως ἔστι θέμα καπῶ τὸ πνέω, ἔνθεν καπνὸς ἡ πυρώδης πνοὴ, καὶ κῆπος ὁ περιπνεόμενος τόπος, καὶ κάπη ἡ φάτνη τῶν ἀλόγων, ἡ διὰ τῶν χρεμετισμῶν τῶν ἵππων ἀναπνεομένη)
Comment
Derivational etymology. In Orion's wording we have an elliptic etymology, where the real etymon, καπύω "to breathe forth", is replaced by a synonym καταπνέω "to breathe onto". This is an abridged version of the longer and older explanation found in Meletius and the Gudianum, also going back to Orion. The idea is that the animals, by their breath, create the shape of the crib. The etymon is the cause of the lemma. This etymology seems to have been misunderstood: Melletius and the Gudianum insert ἤ between the etymon *κάπος "breath" and its explanation καταπνέεσθαι, thus treating the latter as a different etymon — in other words, generating two etymologies out of one, since the explanation was mistaken for the etymon. Notice that this confusion was avoided in the Et. Magnum, which still has the original formation with *κάπος as the etymon and καταπνεομένη as the explanation of the etymon