εἰμί

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Sat, 12/28/2024 - 18:40

Word-form

ἐτός

Transliteration (Word)

etos

English translation (word)

true

Transliteration (Etymon)

eimi

English translation (etymon)

to be

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. 490*

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, epsilon, p. 59

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

ἐτεόν· τὸ ἀληθές. ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰμί, ὁ μέλλων ἔσω καὶ ἔσομαι· καὶ ὡς θήσω θετός, οὕτως ἔσω ἐτὸς καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε ἐτεός· τὸ γὰρ ἀληθὲς ὑπάρχον ἐστὶ καὶ πεπηγός

Translation (En)

Eteon: "true". From eimi "to be", the future is esō, and esomai. And as from thēsō "I will place" thetos "placed", so from esō etos "being", "true", and with addition of /e/, eteos. For what is true is real and stable

Comment

Derivational etymology relying on a series of analogical parallels. From the semantic point of view, the idea that what is true is real lies indeed at the basis of the etymology of words meaning "true" in several IE languages, but this derivation for ἐτός is not correct

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 546 (idem); Herodian, Peri Iliakēs prosôdias, Lentz III/2, p. 108 = A Schol. Il. 18.410 = Philoxenus fr. 578 (<Φιλόξενος> φησὶ γὰρ αὐτὸ σύνθετον εἶναι παρὰ τὸ ἐτός, ὡς θετός, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν ὕπαρξιν, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἀληθές, ὃ καὶ γίνεται ἐτεός); Herodian, De prosodia catholica, Lentz III/1, p. 220 (ὥς φησι Φιλόξενος, παρὰ τὸ ἐτός ὡς θετός, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν ὕπαρξιν, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἀληθές, ὃ καὶ γίνεται ἐτεός); Herodian, Peri pathôn, Lentz III/2, p. 228 (= Etym. Magnum p. 385) (ἐτεός ὁ ἀληθὴς ἐκ τοῦ ἐτός κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ε. ἐκ τοῦ εἰμί τὸ ὑπάρχω ἐτός. τὸ γὰρ ἀληθὲς ὑπάρχον ἐστὶ καὶ πεπηγὸς καὶ ὂν ὥσπερ τὸ ψεῦδος οὐκ ὑπάρχον); Theognostus, Canones sive De orthographia 273 (τὸ ἐτὸς ὀξύτονον ποιῆσαν τὸ ἐτεὸς ὀξύτονον, τὸν τόνον ἀμείψαν τὴν γραφὴν ἐφύλαξεν τοῖς πρὸ αὐτοῦ· γέγονεν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰμὶ δηλοῦντος τὸ ὑπάρχω· ἔτος· ἀφ’ οὗ παράγωγον τὸ ἔτυμος διὰ τοῦ υ ψιλοῦ, δηλοῖ δὲ τὸν ἀληθῆ· ὁ γὰρ ἀληθὴς ἀεὶ τὰ ὄντα καὶ ὑφεστῶτα πρεσβεύει, ὥσπερ ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου ὁ ψευδόμενος τὰ μὴ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ μὴ ὑφεστῶτα· ἀπὸ γοῦν τοῦ ἐτὸς ὀξυτόνου, ἐν πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε γέγονεν ἐτεὸς, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ κενὸς κενεὸς ὀξείᾳ τάσει); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, alpha 29 (ἔστιν ἐτός, ὁ ἀληθής, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε ἐτεός· τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἔω, τὸ ὑπάρχω, ε<ἰ>μί· καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ γίνεται ἐτός, ὁ ἀληθής· ὃ γὰρ ἀληθὲς ὑπάρχει, τὸ δὲ ψεῦδος οὐχ ὑπάρχει); Etym. Genuinum AB, s.v. ἐτεός (ἐτεὸς καὶ ἐτός· ὁ ἀληθής. ἐκ τοῦ εἰμὶ ἔσω ἐτός, ὁ ὑπάρχων, ὡς θήσω θετὸς καὶ δώσω δοτός· τὸ γὰρ ὑπάρχον ἀληθὲς καὶ ὄν ἐστι. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐτὸς ἐτεός, ὡς δοτὸς δοτέος καὶ θετὸς θετέος); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 237 (ἔστι<ν> ἐτός, <καὶ σημαίνει τὸν ἀληθῆ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε ἐτεός. τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἔω, τὸ ὑπάρχω, εἰμί· ἐξ αὐτοῦ γίνεται ἐτός,> ὁ ἀληθής· τὸ γὰρ ἀληθὲς ὑπάρχει, τὸ <δὲ> ψεῦδος οὐχ ὑπάρχει); ibid., p. 548–549 (Ἐπιμερισμῶν τοῦ Ψαλτηρίου Ἔτος <Β 328>· παρὰ τὸ ἔω, τὸ ὑπάρχω, γίνεται ἔος καὶ ἔτος. διαφέρει δὲ ἔτος καὶ ἐτός, καὶ βαρυτόνως μὲν σημαίνει τὸν χρόνον, ὀξυτόνως δὲ τὸν ἀληθῆ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἐτεός κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ε); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 385 (Ἐτεός: Ὁ ἀληθής· ἐκ τοῦ ἐτός κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ε. Ἐκ τοῦ εἰμὶ, τὸ ὑπάρχω, ὁ παθητικὸς ἐνεστὼς ἔμαι· τὸ τρίτον, ἔται· καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἐτός. Τὸ γὰρ ἀληθὲς ὑπάρχον ἐστὶ καὶ πεπηγὸς καὶ ὄν· ὥσπερ τὸ ψεῦδος, οὐχ ὑπάρχον); ibid., p. 387 (Ἔτος: Βαρυτόνως, σημαίνει τὸν χρόνον. Παρὰ τὸ ἕω, τὸ ὑπάρχω καὶ τελειῶ, γίνεται ἔτος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔτι καὶ ἔτι εἶναι καὶ ἰέναι. Ἐτὸς δὲ ὀξυτόνως, σημαίνει τὸν ἀληθῆ, ὥς φησιν Ἀριστοφάνης, ‘Οὐκ ἐτὸς ἄρ’ ὡς ἔμ’ ἦλθεν οὐδεπώποτε’. Παρὰ τὸ εἶναι τὸ ὑπαρκτικὸν ἐτὸς, ὁ ὑπάρχων, ὡς θεῖναι, θετὸς, δοῦναι, δοτός· καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἐτὸς, ἐτεὸς, ὡς θετὸς, θετεός· καὶ δοτὸς, δοτεός); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 876 (Ἐτός καὶ ἐτεός· ἐκ τοῦ εἰμὶ εἴσω· ἐτός ὁ ὑπάρχων, ὡς θήσω θετός, καὶ δώσω δοτός. Τὸ γὰρ ὑπάρχον ἀληθές· τὸ οὐδέτερον ἐτεόν καὶ ἐτεά καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐτός ἐτεός, ὡς δοτός δοτεός); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, epsilon, p. 889 (Ἐτεὸς καὶ ἐτὸς ὁ ἀληθής. [ἐκ τοῦ εἰμὶ ἔσω, ἐτὸς ὑπάρχων. ὡς θήσω, θετὸς, καὶ δώσω, δοτὸς, δοτέος, καὶ θετὸς θετέος)

Modern etymology

Ἐτεός and ἐτός are related and belong with ἔτυμος and ἐτάζω. Ἐτεός probably goes back to *set-u-, matching Arm. stoyg "real" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre