δυάς

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Last modification

Fri, 11/01/2024 - 11:35

Word-form

δυσ

Transliteration (Word)

dus-

English translation (word)

mis-

Transliteration (Etymon)

duas

English translation (etymon)

dyad, group of two, the number two

Author

Pseudo-Elias

Century

6/8 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

In Porphyrii isagogen commentarium, Praxis 9, p. 5

Ed.

L.G. Westerink, Pseudo-Elias (Pseudo-David). Lectures on Porphyry's isagoge, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., 1967

Quotation

Δυὰς τοίνυν λέγεται παρὰ τὸ διήκειν καὶ διεξιέναι ἐπὶ κίνησιν ἀπὸ τῆς μονάδος τῷ πρώτην ταύτην τολμῆσαι διεξιέναι ἀπὸ τῆς μονάδος. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν περὶ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτῆς. αὕτη δὲ ἡ δυὰς ἐπὶ κακῷ λέγεται, ‘δύσφημος’, ‘δύσπορος’, ‘δυστυχής’, ‘δυσχερής’· ἀλλὰ καὶ ποιητικῶς κακοφημεῖται ὁ βʹ οὗτος ἀριθμός, ‘Δύσπαρι, εἶδος ἄριστε, γυναικομανές, ἠπεροπευτά’, ὥσπερ τῆς μονάδος τὸ ἕνα ἐπὶ ἀγαθῷ, ‘ἐνηέα τε κρατερόν τε’

Translation (En)

Duas "dyad" is called from the fact it goes through  and moves away from the monad, by the fact it was the first to dare going away from the monad. So much for the name. And the word duas itself is used to mean "badly", dusphēmos "of ill omen", dusporos "difficult to go through", dustukhēs "unhappy", duskherēs "difficult to handle". And in poetry this number two is pejorative: "Duspari, edits arise, gunaikomanes, ēperopeuta" (Il. 3.39) ("Evil Paris, beautiful, woman-crazy, cajoling"), as the "one" of the monad is used in good part, "enēea te krater te" (Il. 17.204) ("gentle and valiant")

Comment

Derivational etymology by which the prefix δυσ- "mis-, un-" is derived from δυάς. Formally, the etymology requires the loss of the vowel. As often the starting point is the nominative form, although it is not the stem of the word, which is δυάδ-. Semantically, this relies on the widespread idea that unity is good, which is here backed by an summed etymological relationship between εἷς, ἑνός "one" and the poetic word ἐνηής "gentle", and that division is bad

Modern etymology

The prefix δυσ-, cognate with Skr. duṣ-, belongs in Greek with δέω2 "to lack", Hom. δεύομαι, from *deus- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has δυσ- in the scientific vocabulary

Entry By

Le Feuvre