ἴς

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Word-form

ἰνίον

Transliteration (Word)

inion

English translation (word)

occiput

Transliteration (Etymon)

is

English translation (etymon)

sinew

Author

Pollux

Century

2 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Onomasticon

Ed.

E. Bethe, Pollucis onomasticon, 2 vols. [Lexicographi Graeci 9.1-9.2. Leipzig: Teubner, 9.1:1900; 9.2:1931]

Quotation

τὸ δὲ κατόπιν ἰνίον, ὅτι ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ αἱ ἶνες ἐκπεφύκασιν.

Translation (En)

And the back part is the occiput (inion), because from it originate the nerves (ines)

Comment

Derivational etymology. The etymon, ἴς, means "sinew", but also "nerve", and the etymology implies the latter meaning. The nerves have their root in the medulla obligate, which lies at the back of the brain, behind the occiput. The occiput is, therefore, the "place of the nerves"

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum, iota, p. 76 (Ἰνίον. ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐν τῇ καταβάσει τῇ ἀπὸ τῆς κορυφῆς κάτω ἰέναι. ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐντεῦθεν ἄρχεσθαι τὰς ἴνας, τουτέστι τὰ νεῦρα· ἐπειδή περ ἴεται διὰ τοῦ σώματος); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 54 (idem); Leo Medicus, De natura hominum synopsis 28 (idem); Joannes Mauropus, Etymologica nominum 198 (Παχεῖαν ἶνα (νεῦρον) ἰνίον τίθει); Etym. Gudianum, iota, p. 279 (Ἰνίον, διὰ τοῦ ι γράφεται. ἰστέον δὲ, ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ σφὴξ, σφηκὸς γίνεται σφήκιον, σημαίνει δὲ τὴν μικρὰν σφῆκα, οὕτω παρὰ τὸ ἲς ἰνὸς ἰνίον, σημαίνει δὲ τὸ πλατὺ νεῦρον); ibid., p. 290 ( Ἰνίον, ὥσπερ παρὰ τὸ σφὴξ σφηκὸς γίνεται σφηκίον, σημαίνει δὲ τὸν μικρὸν σφῆκα, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἲς ἰνὸς γίνεται ἰνίον. σημαίνει τὸ νεῦρον, τὸ ὂν ὀπίσω τοῦ τραχήλου); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 470 (Ἴνιον: Ὡς παρὰ τὸ σφὴξ σφηκὸς γίνεται σφηκίον, σημαίνει δὲ τὸν μικρὸν σφῆκα, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἲς ἰνὸς γίνεται ἴνιον· σημαίνει δὲ τὸ νεῦρον τὸ ὂν ὀπίσω τοῦ τραχήλου); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 4, p. 88 (Ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἶνα εἰπεῖν τὸ ἐξόπισθε κεράων δῆλον ὡς ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τὸ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης κεφαλῆς ὄπισθεν ἰνίον λέγεται); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, iota, p. 1110 ( Ἰνίον. νεῦρον, ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου βάσεως ἐπὶ τὰ πλατέα νεῦρα, ἃ τὴν ἰσχὺν ἡμῶν ἔχειν δοκεῖ. [ὡς παρὰ τὸ σφὴξ, σφηκὸς, σφηκίον, οὕτως καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἲς, ἰνὸς, ἰνίον.]); Geneva Schol. Il. 5.73 (ἰνίον—νευρῶδες εἶναι· ἶνες γὰρ τὰ νεῦρα κέκληται).

The etymology may already be implicit in Apollonius of Rhodes, Arg. 3.762–763 ἀμφί τ’ ἀραιάς || ἶνας καὶ κεφαλῆς ὑπὸ νείατον ἰνίον ἄχρις "and around the thin sinews (inas) and, beneath the lower part of the head, down to the occiput (inion)"

Modern etymology

Correct etymology. Ἰνίον is a derivative of ἴς "sinew" < *wiH- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has ινίο "occiput" as a scientific word

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